Advanced Transportation System to Protect the Environment

本研究旨在预测交通对策对环境保护的影响。本研究包括三个任务，从每个任务中获得的知识总结如下。运输货物的卡车几乎占道路交通的40%，货物运输对道路运输的依赖性对环境的影响很大。因此，迫切需要采取措施，使货物运输更加高效和环保。在本课题中，提出了一种先进的皮卡/送货卡车路线和调度模型，并评估了引入该模型所产生的环境效应。任务2：先进停车管理系统的环境评价在这个任务中，停车问题是主要的城市交通问题之一。为改善城市交通状况，提出了包括停车引导与信息系统（PGI）和车位预约系统（PR）在内的先进停车系统。PGI系统提供车位可用信息，而PR系统通过提前预约车位，确保无需等待进入。首先分析了先进停车系统下的出行行为，并对停车选择模型进行了估计。然后，将预估模型引入到动态交通仿真模型中，对先进停车系统的环境效应进行了分析。通过引入该体系，发现CO_2和NO_x在时间和空间上都有分散。Task 3：促进使用公共交通的基本分析由于私家车交通和公共交通之间的可达性差，有许多城市严重依赖道路交通，尽管有替代的公共交通工具。在这项任务中，作为提出环境友好型交通系统的基础研究，分析了公共交通的用户需求。通过对使用私家车的通勤者进行问卷调查，分析他们使用私人交通工具的原因和他们改乘公共交通工具的情况。少

This study aims at forecasting the effect of traffic countermeasures that can contribute to protect the environment. This study includes three tasks, and the knowledge got from each task is summarised as follows.Task 1 : Environmental Evaluation of Advanced Freight Transport Planning SystemAlmost 40% of road traffic is the trucks carrying the goods, and the dependence of goods movement on road transport has large influences on the environment. Therefore, countermeasures to lead the freight transport to be more efficient and environmentally friendly are strongly needed. In this task, advanced pickup/delivery truck routing and scheduling model is proposed, and the environmental effect in introducing the proposed model is evaluated.Task 2 : Environmental Evaluation of Advanced Parking Management SystemIn this task, a parking problem that is one of the major urban traffic problems is considered. Advanced parking system that includes Parking Guidance and Information (PGI) system and Parking … More Reservation (PR) system is proposed to improve the urban traffic condition. PGI system provides parking availability information whereas PR system ensures the no waiting time for entry by reserving a lot in advance. Travel behavior under advanced parking systems is analyses and the parking choice model is estimated at first. Then, the estimated model is introduced to dynamic traffic simulation model, and the environmental effect of the advanced parking system is analysed. It is found that CO_2 and NO_x disperses timely as well as spatially by introducing the system.Task 3 : Fundamental Analyses on Promotion of Using Public TransportBecause of poor accessibility between private car traffic and public transport, there are many cities that heavily rely on the road traffic although there is an alternative public transport. In this task, as a fundamental study for proposing an environmentally friendly transport system, the user needs for public transport are analysed. By using data got from questionnaire survey conducted to the commuters who use their private cars, the reason why they use a private transport and circumstances they change to use public transport are analysed. Less