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Sustainability of Ecological Resources in Pastoral Societies

牧区社会生态资源的可持续性

基本信息

批准号：
11410084
负责人：
SATO Shun
金额：
$ 8.13万
依托单位：
The University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11410084/
关键词：
The Turkana The Rendille Tribal grazing area Drought monitoring Regional scale base map Policy of national reserves Commoditization of livestock Contour-based digital elevation models(DEMs)ウガンダ越境移住公園管理定住化の空間解析ケニア植民地政府エチオピア帝

项目摘要

(1) GIS analysis of herding ecology : (1) Algorithms using contour-based digital elevation models (DEMs), instead of more traditional grid-based counterpart, to calculate topographic attributes and to classify slope profile and plan forms were developed. (2) Regional scale digital base map of the entire Rendilleland was constructed using the earth resource satellite image data acquired in 2000. (3) Historical and the most up-to-date aerial photographs (1956, 1988 and 2003) were used to lay out a baseline framework for mapping and analyzing the sedentarization of the pastoral community in a spatial context. (4) The contribution of vegetation cover to pastoral movements in the Rendilleland in 1987 and 1988 was studied using atmospherically corrected NOAA/AVHRR image data. (5) Drought monitoring systems used in northern Kenya employ indices such as precipitation, cereal price, and nutrition conditions of children, rather than market price which is often employed elsewhere.(2) Analysis of herding way of life : (1) Pastoral economy is more damaged by heavy rainfall than drought. (2) The inter-ethnic relation among herders is made fluid by herding movement. (3) Dispute of migration straddling state border is settled through the good offices of local politicians. (4) Issue of livestock market is dependent upon the good condition of infrastructure. (5) Centralized government tends to easily destroy or spoil the existing local safety network among the neighboring ethnic groups. (6) It is clarified that the cultural individuality of livestock prevents them from being commodities and that they will be commercialized by such individuality.(3) Analysis of rangeland policy : National parks and animal protection reserves had been exclusively enclosed in the past, but recently they are managed with forgiving herding activities from the view-point of supporting local herders.

(1)利用基于等高线的数字高程模型（dem）代替传统的基于网格的dem计算地形属性、坡度剖面和平面形态分类算法。(2)利用2000年获取的地球资源卫星影像数据，构建了整个伦迪勒兰的区域比例尺数字底图。(3)利用历史和最新的航空照片（1956年、1988年和2003年）为绘制和分析空间背景下牧区定居化的基线框架奠定了基础。(4)利用大气校正后的NOAA/AVHRR影像资料，研究了1987年和1988年伦迪勒兰植被覆盖对草地运动的贡献。(5)肯尼亚北部使用的干旱监测系统采用降水、谷物价格和儿童营养状况等指数，而不是其他地方经常采用的市场价格。(2)牧民生活方式分析：①强降雨对牧区经济的破坏大于干旱对牧区经济的破坏。(2)牧民之间的民族关系因牧民运动而变得流动。(3)跨邦移民纠纷通过地方政治家的斡旋解决。(4)畜禽市场的问题取决于基础设施的良好状况。(5)中央集权政府容易破坏或破坏邻近民族之间现有的地方安全网络。(6)明确了牲畜的文化个性使其不能成为商品，并将通过这种个性进行商业化。(3)牧地政策分析：国家公园和动物保护区过去是完全封闭的，但最近从支持当地牧民的角度出发，对其进行了宽容的放牧活动管理。