Social Change and Sustainability of Pastoral Societies

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Rangeland vegetation recovers in the two months after the rainfall. Camels are herded in the rainy season in the area with a greater difference of rainfall between the rainy and dry seasons. In the area with stable water places, they are herded in the dry season. National parks and animal protection reserves had been exclusively enclosed in the past, but recently they are managed with forgiving herding activities from the view-point of supporting local herders.The tendency of higher birth rate with lower death rate is recognized as the demographic structure of the Rendille. The social mechanism that supports their coxistence is clarified in terms of the transaction of living needs. The living utensils are frequently given and received among women within the frame of their kinship relations. Their relationships complements their husbands' relations which are interconnected by livestock transactions. The population growth is greater than that of camels. New way of day's herding is devised in order to make up for lack of the herders. The sedentarization to the suburbs progressively occurred. The activities of well digging are positively made as an infrastructure of the sedentarization. The credit transaction of herders with the shop merchants is strengthened by the permeation of the cash economy.The pilot farm villages to the suburbs of town absorb many woman households that are considered a deviation persons. They, however, keeps close connection with the nomadic settlements in terms of kinship and clanship. Milk sales in the pilot farm village are important as a self-supporting means of the woman, which are activated by the diversification of household economy. The Samburu keeps dual economy which is composed of the traditional livestock transaction and cash economy. They use livestock auctions in the town in order to prefer the reproduction of their livestock to the money-saving.