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Social Change and Sustainability of Pastoral Societies

社会变革与牧区社会的可持续性

基本信息

批准号：
10041001
负责人：
SATO Shun
金额：
$ 16.51万
依托单位：
The University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A).
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10041001/
关键词：
East African Herders Sale of Milk Digging of Wells GIS analysis of herding ecology Pilot farm village Leveling mechanism Diversification of household economy Policy of national reserves サンブルレンディーレ牧村の定着化遊牧のGIS解析物質文化所帯ラクダ個体

项目摘要

Rangeland vegetation recovers in the two months after the rainfall. Camels are herded in the rainy season in the area with a greater difference of rainfall between the rainy and dry seasons. In the area with stable water places, they are herded in the dry season. National parks and animal protection reserves had been exclusively enclosed in the past, but recently they are managed with forgiving herding activities from the view-point of supporting local herders.The tendency of higher birth rate with lower death rate is recognized as the demographic structure of the Rendille. The social mechanism that supports their coxistence is clarified in terms of the transaction of living needs. The living utensils are frequently given and received among women within the frame of their kinship relations. Their relationships complements their husbands' relations which are interconnected by livestock transactions. The population growth is greater than that of camels. New way of day's herding is devised in order to make up for lack of the herders. The sedentarization to the suburbs progressively occurred. The activities of well digging are positively made as an infrastructure of the sedentarization. The credit transaction of herders with the shop merchants is strengthened by the permeation of the cash economy.The pilot farm villages to the suburbs of town absorb many woman households that are considered a deviation persons. They, however, keeps close connection with the nomadic settlements in terms of kinship and clanship. Milk sales in the pilot farm village are important as a self-supporting means of the woman, which are activated by the diversification of household economy. The Samburu keeps dual economy which is composed of the traditional livestock transaction and cash economy. They use livestock auctions in the town in order to prefer the reproduction of their livestock to the money-saving.

牧场植被在降雨后的两个月内恢复。在雨季和旱季雨量差异较大的地区，骆驼是在雨季放牧的。在有稳定水源的地区，它们在旱季被放牧。过去，国家公园和动物保护保护区是完全封闭的，但最近从支持当地牧民的角度出发，对其进行了宽容的放牧管理。高出生率低死亡率的趋势被认为是伦迪勒的人口结构。从生活需求的交易角度阐明了支持他们生存的社会机制。生活用具经常在妇女之间的亲属关系框架内相互给予和接受。她们的关系是对丈夫关系的补充，丈夫的关系通过牲畜交易相互联系。人口的增长大于骆驼的增长。为了弥补牧民的不足，设计了新的放牧方式。向郊区的定居逐渐发生。挖井活动被积极地作为定居的基础设施。现金经济的渗透，加强了牧民与商铺的信用交易。向城郊发展的试点农村吸收了许多被认为是偏离人群的妇女家庭。然而，他们在亲属关系和宗族关系方面与游牧定居点保持着密切的联系。试点农场的牛奶销售是妇女自给自足的重要手段，家庭经济的多样化激活了这一手段。桑布鲁保持着传统牲畜交易和现金经济的二元经济。他们在镇上进行牲畜拍卖，是为了让牲畜繁殖，而不是为了省钱。