Ethnographic Description of Interactions : Social Context, Cognitive Process and Rule

本研究旨在通过分析日常对话、身体接触和电子交流等互动的各个方面，阐明支持人类交流的行为、认知和推理的普遍能力，以及组织这种能力的规则和规范。每月举行研讨会，研究小组的成员和合作者在会上发表他们的论文。构建了多路对话分析系统，该系统由多台摄像机采集的视频数据组成。小组被分成三个小组进行深入调查：1)“社会”小组在静冈县三久保的传统舞蹈仪式和长野的精神障碍客户的“集体之家”进行了田野调查。这些调查表明，对社会环境施加的体制制约与在当地与他人谈判的自发尝试之间存在着相互关联的关系。另一项研究集中在…上更多的是从大学生中收集的对话样本。本研究揭示了话轮转换的结构特征，特别是伴随有重叠的话语和补语。2)“认知”组阐明了从转录中提取的信息结构和推理过程。该小组对认知语言学的基本问题进行了批判性的考察，并开发了一种工具，有效地描述了解释、知识和认知在参与者中的分布和动态。3)规则小组模拟了从上述调查中抽象出来的互动模式，并构建了模拟该模型行为的系统。该小组还开发了分析手势和说话者对信息的心理处理之间的协调性的方法。另一项研究从自然语言的计算加工角度阐明了会话的时间组织。基于上述结果，大多数成员撰写了原创论文。这些论文汇编成一份研究报告，于2002年3月发表。较少

This study aimed to elucidate universal competence of act, cognition and inference, that supports human communication, as well as the rules and norms that organize it, by analyzing various aspects of interaction such as everyday conversation, bodily engagement, and electric communication. Monthly seminars have been held, where the members and collaborators of this research team presented their papers. The System of Multiple Conversation Analysis was architected, which composed the video data recorded by several cameras. The team were divided into three groups for the intensive investigations;1) The "society" group carried out fieldwork on the traditional dance ceremony at Misakubo, Shizuoka Prefecture, and on the "group-home" of mentally disordered clients at Nagano. These investigations illuminated the interlocking between the institutional constraints imposed on the social setting and the spontaneous attempts to negotiate with others in local context. Another research was focussed on … More the conversation samples collected from the university students. This research elucidated the structural features of turn-taking, especially accompanied by the overlapped utterances and complements. A methodology was developed that could identify the interactive significance revealed by the bodily actions.2) The "cognition" group elucidated the information structure and inferential process that were abstracted from the transcription. Critically examining the fundamental issues of cognitive linguistics, this group also developed a device that validly described the distribution and dynamics of interpretation, knowledge, and cognition among the participants.3) The "rule" group modeled the interactive patterns that were abstracted from the above investigations, and architected the system which simulated the behavior of this model. This group also developed the methodology of analyzing the coordination between the gestures and the speaker's mental processing of information. Another research elucidated the temporal organization of conversation in terms of the computational processing of natural language.Based on the above results, most members wrote original papers. These papers were compiled into a research report that was published in March 2002. Less