Comparative Study on the cultural aspects of the major cities in the European Union under the Globalization and EU Integration

自20世纪90年代中期以来，欧洲主要城市聚集在欧洲城市周围，在欧盟的帮助下，努力解决社会排斥、经济振兴和文化遗产保护等问题。本项目主要研究全球化和欧盟一体化背景下欧盟主要城市文化方面的两个问题。第一个是移民少数群体的状况和东道国社会的态度，例如荷兰的摩鹿加人，西班牙移民的拉丁美洲化，以及柏林和慕尼黑问题区之间的比较。东道国社会与移民少数民族之间很少有明显的冲突。他们觉得他们的住处就是他们的新家。但他们的失业问题比德国人严重。来自许多国家的移民最近已经成为可见的存在，特别是中国人在巴黎，罗马和巴塞罗那。第二个问题是建筑环境的发展和保护。政治权力的变化分别影响了意大利城市建筑环境的发展方式。在法国，中央政府比地方政府更能影响建筑环境的保护。伯明翰、利物浦等核心城市试图与欧洲大陆的同行竞争，比如竞选欧洲文化之都。如果人民能够参与决策过程，这是解决这两个问题的关键，这是欧洲文化的特点。

Gathering around EUROCITIES, European major cities have grappled with issues such as social exclusion, economic vitalization, and conservation of cultural heritages with the assistance of EU since the mid 1990s. This project focuses on the two issues concerning the cultural aspects of the major cities in the EU under the Globalization and EU Integration. The first one is the situation of migrant minorities and the attitudes of the host society as examples of Moluccans in the Netherlands, Latin Americanization of migrants in Spain, and comparison between problem quarters in Berlin and Munich. There are seldom apparent conflicts between the host society and migrant minorities. They feel their quarter as their new home. But they suffer from the unemployment severer than Germans. Migrants from a large number of countries have recently become visible existence, especially Chinese in Paris, Rome and Barcelona.The second issue is development and conservation of the built environment. Changes of political power influenced the way of development of the built environment in the Italian cities respectively. In France, the central government influences the conservation of the built environment more than the local governments. The core cities such as Birmingham, Liverpool and so on have tried to compete with their counterparts in the continental Europe by means, for example, of candidacy for the European Capital of Culture. It is the key to the both issues if the people can participate in the decision-making processes, and this is characteristic for the European culture.