Life history of marine mammals and their environunental condition

海洋哺乳动物的生活史及其环境状况

• 批准号: 13460082
• 负责人: MIYAZAKI Nobuyuki
• 金额: $ 9.54万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13460082/
• 关键词: Marine mammals; Life history; Biological parameters; Environment; Orhanochlorine compounds; Organotin compounds; Heavy metals; 海棲哺乳動物; 潜水行動

We investigate distribution, migration, growth, reproduction, feeding habit, population identification of dolphins and seals in the various areas of the world. And we also enforce monitoring study on marine pollution of organochlorine compounds (OCs), organotin cimpounds (BTs), heavy metals, and radionuclides, using samples of marine mammals. We published 93 scientific papers (88 in English and 4 in Japanese) with the peered referees, 23 articles (4 in English, 19 in Japanese) and one English proceedings. In the international and national academic conference, we made 77 presentations (38 in English and 39 in Japanese).Accumulation study of hazardous chemicals such as OCs, BTs and heavy metals survey provided the interesting scientific evidence of Dall's porpoises. Since 1991 when the former USSR was collapsed, Caspian Sea faced severe environmental condition. Main reason of the mass die-off of several thousands Caspian seals occurred in 1997, 1998 and 2000, might be due to the lowered immune system of the species. We found the A-type influenza virus (A/Bangkok/1/79/HsN2) in the serum samples of Caspian seals. This influenza virus has been active in the Caspian seals for more than 20 years. In the near future, humans might be infected with this virus all over the world. Thus, we need to establish the well-organized research system for this matter.We investigated evaluation of mitogen-induced responses in marine mammals and human lymphocytes by in-vitro exposure of BTs. Significant suppression was observed when the cells were exposed at normal level in the nature, suggesting BTs are strong toxic chemical. And we also found significant effect of plural hazardous chemicals. This study suggests that we need to establish the long-term monitoring system in marine ecosystem.

我们调查了海豚和海豹在世界各地的分布、迁徙、生长、繁殖、食性、种群识别。并利用海洋哺乳动物样品，开展了海洋有机氯化合物（OCs）、有机锡化合物（BTs）、重金属和放射性核素污染的监测研究。我们发表了93篇科学论文（88篇英文，4篇日文），23篇文章（4篇英文，19篇日文）和1篇英文论文集。在国际和国内学术会议上，我们共作了77次报告（英文38次，日文39次），对有机碳（OCs）、苯并三氮唑（BTs）等有害化学物质的积累研究和重金属调查为达尔氏江豚的研究提供了有趣的科学证据。1991年前苏联解体后，里海面临着严峻的环境形势。1997年、1998年和2000年发生的数千只里海海豹大规模死亡的主要原因可能是由于该物种的免疫系统下降。我们在里海海豹的血清样品中发现了A型流感病毒（A/曼谷/1/79/HsN 2）。这种流感病毒在里海海豹中活跃了20多年。在不久的将来，人类可能会感染这种病毒在世界各地。因此，我们需要建立一个有组织的研究体系，在这个问题上，我们研究了评估有丝分裂原诱导的反应，在海洋哺乳动物和人类淋巴细胞的体外暴露的BTs。在自然界中，当细胞暴露于正常水平时，观察到显著的抑制作用，表明BTs是强毒性化学物质。同时发现多种有害化学物质对环境的影响也很显著。本研究建议建立海洋生态系统的长期监测系统。

项目成果

Microstructural growth in otoliths of the Russian sturgeon, Acipensere gueldenstaedtii

俄罗斯鲟 Acipensere gueldenstaedtii 耳石的微观结构生长

• 发表时间: 2002
• 期刊: J.Appl.Ichthyol. 18
• 作者: Arai;T.;et al.
• 通讯作者: et al.

Serological evidence of transmission of human influenza A and B vinises to Caspian seals (Phoca capica).

人类甲型和乙型流感病毒传播给里海海豹（Phoca capica）的血清学证据。

• 发表时间: 2002
• 期刊: Microbiology and Immunology 46(9)
• 作者: Ohishi;K.;A.Ninomiya;H.Kida;C.H.Park;T.Mariyama;T.Arai;E.Katsutnata;T.Tobayama;A.N.Boltunov;L.S.Khuraskin;N.Miyazaki
• 通讯作者: N.Miyazaki

A review of studies on the ringed, Caspian, and Baikal seals (Pusa hispida, P.caspica, and P.sibirica).

对环斑海豹、里海海豹和贝加尔海豹（Pusa hispida、P.caspica 和 P.sibirica）的研究综述。

• 发表时间: 2001
• 期刊: Otsuchi Marine Science 26
• 作者: Miyazaki;N.
• 通讯作者: N.

Seroepidemiologieal survey of distemper virus infection in the Caspian Sea and in Lake Baikal.

里海和贝加尔湖犬瘟热病毒感染的血清流行病学调查。

• 发表时间: 2001
• 期刊: Veterinary microbiology 82
• 作者: Ohashi K.;N.Miyazaki;S.Tanabe;H.Nakata;R.Miura;K.Fujita;C.Wakasa;M.Uema;M.Shiotani;E.Takahashi;C.Kai
• 通讯作者: C.Kai

International Workshop for Inter-calibration of Hazardous Chemicals

国际危险化学品互校准研讨会

• 发表时间: 2004
• 作者: Miyazaki;N.;et al.
• 通讯作者: et al.