The universal meaning of sport for the life of human beings and its educational value

虽然国家课程中的体育放松练习强调身心的亲和关系，但在体育课中，教师们在试图理解身心的亲和关系时却感到困惑。哲学上对“把握”和“观察”这两个名词的考察，即对一个肉体的精神和身体的考察，或对朋友的精神状态的考察，都是不够的。本文从身心问题与自我存在问题密不可分的角度出发，进入体育的普遍意义和教育价值，对体育作为体育教学教材对人类生命的意义问题进行了哲学思考。在2003-2004财年，我们思考了日本明治时代开始的身心亲和教育理论，发现身心问题与自我存在问题是密不可分的。本文对2004-2005财政年度体育运动中的自我-他者问题进行了探讨。通过对高等学校普通体育教学班的调查，发现体育运动中的自我表现或自我成就具有发展与他人团结的可能性。在中国和德国也进行了一项关于身心的试点调查。在2005-2006财年，我们继续调查体育运动中的自我表现和自我成就以及与他人的团结问题，发现他们发展了与他人的团结。本研究从自我表现和自我成就的角度，在一定程度上阐明了体育运动的普遍意义，以及在体育课上放松和观察身体的意义。

Although an exercise for relaxing one's body of physical education in the national course of study emphasized the affinities of mind and body, teachers were confused trying to make sense of the affinity of mind and body in physical education classes. Philosophic examination of such terms as "grasp" and "observ" has been insufficient, i.e., to grasp mind and body in one flesh or to observe the conditions of friends' mind. In this study, we considered philosophically the issues concerning what kind of meaning sport has as a teaching material of physical education for the life of human beings, by entering into the universal meaning and educational value of sport, from the viewpoint that the issues of mind and body and the questions of self existence are inseparably related.In the fiscal year of 2003-2004, we considered about what we can learn from the educational theory on affinities of mind and body, which had been worked on from Meiji era in Japan, and found out that issues of mind and body and the questions of self existence are inseparably related to each other. We discussed about the self-other problems in sport in the fiscal year of 2004-2005. It was showed that the self-performance or self-achievement in sport had a possibility to develop the solidarity with others upon investigation in several classes of general physical education in higher education. A pilot survey about mind and body was also conducted in China and Germany. In the fiscal year of 2005-2006, we continued to investigate the issues of self-performance and self-achievement in sport and the solidarity with others, and found that they developed the solidarity with others. This study clarified in some degree, the universal meaning of sport from the viewpoint of self-performance and self-achievement, and the significance of relaxing and observing one's bodies in physical education classes.