On the Problem of Race and Gender in American Nature Writing

“美国自然写作中的种族与性别问题”项目旨在研究影响美国自然写作中景观建构的各种因素。研究重点是白人女作家作品中的性别问题和种族面孔，并与梭罗的传统进行比较，明确西南女作家的多元文化态度。本文的研究过程如下：1)重新思考梭罗以测绘员为中心的作品中风景如画的传统。2)威廉斯、蕾切尔·卡森、玛丽·奥斯汀等人与梭罗等自然作家笔下的女性景观与生态批评景观之间的关系。(3)论《瓦尔登湖》对日本文学史的广泛影响，以卡莫·诺·乔美开始的隐士文学为中心。(4)论《玛丽·奥斯汀》描写西南沙漠地区的多元文化空间感，在这片无边界的土地上，西班牙文化和英国国教文化融合在一起。

The Project of "On the Problem of Race and Gender in American Nature Writing" aimed at the researches of various factors operating on the construction of landscapes in American nature writings. The research focused on the gender problem and racial faces in the works by women writers of whites, and cleared the multicultural attitude in the Southwest women writers in comparison with H.D.Thoreau's tradition.The process of the research follows :1)Reconsideration on the picturesque tradition of landscape in the writings by H.D.Thoreau focusing on his surveyor's business.2)The relation between the feminine and ecocritical landscapes by T.T.Williams, Rachael Carson, Mary Austin among others and Thoreau or other nature writers.3)On the wide influence of Walden on Japanese Literary history focusing on the hermit literature beginning in Hojo-ki by kamo no Chomei.4)On the multicultural sense of place in Mary Austin describing the Southwest desert area where Spanish and Anglican cultures melt together on the borderless lands.