Collapse of the Ngo Dinh Diem Government and the Vietnam War as U.S.-South Vietnamese Conflict

吴庭艳政府的垮台和越南战争作为美南冲突

• 批准号: 15530100
• 负责人: MATSUOKA Hiroshi
• 金额: $ 2.3万
• 依托单位: University of Tsukuba
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2003 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15530100/
• 关键词: Viotnam War; Kennedy; Cold War; ベトナム; ケネディ、ジョン・F; ゴ・ジン・ジェム; ケネディ,ジョン・F

Analysis of the Buddhist Crisis in South Vietnam in 1963, focusing on deep-rooted unpleasantness of the South Vietnamese people against the regime of Ngo Dinh Diem, the government' s brutal way of handling their political demands, and the failed attempt of the Kennedy Administration for the solution of the crisis, showed that American pressure tactics upon Diem seldom functioned because the two countries had acted on vastly different premises and objectives, and also because Diem knew that the Americans had no alternative other than to support him. American policymakers, on the other hand, continuously blamed Diem for what had gone wrong with the politico-military struggle in South Vietnam, which contributed to their decision to acquiesce a military coup against him.Counterinsurgency strategy which the Kennedy Administration adopted to fight guerrillas was another failure for the Americans, owing to tremendous misgivings of the South Vietnamese government and armed forces, conflict between the two countries, and, above all, ungrounded American belief that their own method of fighting a war was unquestionably applicable to Vietnam. However, its deficiencies were already apparent even before American massive involvement in the war. Although many 'scholars have insisted that Kennedy' s intention of pulling out of Vietnam by 1965 was real and even possible, his plan of phased withdrawal of American military advisers was based on an unrealistic optimism. Kennedy' s presidency thus should be regarded an essential introductory period for American war in Vietnam.

对1963年南越佛教危机的分析，重点关注南越人民对吴庭艳政权的根深蒂固的不满、政府处理其政治要求的残酷方式以及肯尼迪政府解决危机的失败尝试，表明美国对吴廷琰的施压策略很少奏效，因为两国的行动前提和目标截然不同，而且 因为吴庭艳知道美国人除了支持他别无选择。另一方面，美国决策者不断指责吴廷琰对南越的政治军事斗争出了问题，导致他们决定默许针对他的军事政变。由于南越政府和武装部队的巨大疑虑、两国之间的冲突等，肯尼迪政府采取的打击游击队的平叛战略是美国的又一次失败。 所有美国人毫无根据地相信他们自己的战争方法毫无疑问适用于越南。然而，甚至在美国大规模卷入战争之前，其缺陷就已经很明显了。尽管许多学者坚称肯尼迪在1965年之前撤出越南的意图是真实的，甚至是可能的，但他分阶段撤出美国军事顾问的计划却是基于一种不切实际的乐观情绪。因此，肯尼迪的总统任期应该被视为美国越南战争的重要启动时期。

项目成果

John F. Kennedy and the Buddhist Crisis in 1963 : End of One Disaster in Vietnam, Beginning of Another.

约翰·F·肯尼迪与 1963 年的佛教危机：越南一场灾难的结束，另一场灾难的开始。

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: Journal of Modern Cultures and Public Policies vol.4
• 作者: Matsuoka;Hiroshi
• 通讯作者: Hiroshi

A Failed Attempt of Counterinsurgency : John F.Kennedy and the Vietnam War, 1963.

一次失败的反叛乱尝试：约翰·F·肯尼迪和越南战争，1963 年。

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: Tsukuba University Journal of Law and Political Science no.38
• 作者: Matsuoka;Hiroshi.
• 通讯作者: Hiroshi.

ジョン・F・ケネディと1963年仏教徒危機-ベトナムにおける災厄の終わりと始まり

约翰·F·肯尼迪与 1963 年佛教危机 - 越南灾难的结束与开始

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 論叢現代文化・公共政策 第4号
• 作者: 松岡 完

松岡 完: "ベトナム症候群 超大国を苛む「勝利」への強迫観念"中央公論新社. 342 (2003)

Kan Matsuoka：“越南综合症：对胜利的痴迷困扰着超级大国”Chuokoron-Shinsha 342 (2003)。

反乱鎮圧戦略の挫折-ケネディとベトナム戦争・1963年

反叛乱战略的失败——肯尼迪和越南战争，1963 年

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: 筑波法政 第38号
• 作者: Matsuoka;Hiroshi;松岡 完
• 通讯作者: 松岡 完