Inefficiency in the public sector and the limits of privatization

本研究的目的是从实证（或实践）和理论的角度阐明政府企业私有化过程中的有效性和问题。关于前一种观点，我们进行了题为“私有化的利弊”（报告第1章）、“英国私有化的情况”（报告第2章）、“新西兰的宏观经济情况和新西兰邮政的国有化”（报告第6章）的研究。3)、“财政改革效果的模拟分析”（见第4章）和“地方政府预算支出差异与税收来源转移”（见第7章）。前三个研究介绍了私有化是如何进行的，以及最近一段时间英国和新西兰的私有化带来了什么。后两者对劳动税收、减少政府债券和税收来源转移等政府政策进行了分析，并提出了中央和地方政府私有化的见解。对于后者，我们已经做了题为“私有化与政府偏好”（见第5章）和“资本积累、资本折旧与私有化的成败”（见第6章）的研究。这两项研究都是以产业组织理论为基础，考察私有化对经济福利的影响。特别是，后者探讨了私有化对经济福利、企业利润、生产水平等方面的短期和长期影响。

The objectives of this research are to clarify the effectiveness and problems in the process of privatization of governmental business both from empirical (or practical) and theoretical points of view.Regarding the former viewpoint, we have conducted our researches entitled "Merits and demerits of the privatization," (in Ch.1 of our report), "The situation of the privatization in Great Britain," (in Ch.2), "The macroeconomic circumstances in New Zealand and the nationalization of the New Zealand Post," (in Ch..3), "The simulation analysis on the effects of the financial reform," (in Ch.4) and "The disparity on budgetary expenditures between local governments and transfer of tax revenue sources," (in Ch.7). The former three researches introduce how privatization proceeds, and what have been brought about by privatization in Great Britain and in New Zealand in over recent periods. The latter two treat such governmental policies as labor taxation, reducing government bonds and transfer of tax revenue sources and present the insight on privatization both of central and of local governments.As for the latter one, we have done our researches entitled "Privatization and the preference of the government," (in Ch.5) and "Capital accumulation, capital depreciation and the success and failure of privatization," (in Ch.6). Both of these researches, based on the theory of industrial organization, investigate the effect of privatization on economic welfare. In special, the latter explores both the short- and the long-run effects of privatization on economic welfare, profits of the firms, production levels and so on.