Corporate Strategy and Organizational Design for Financial Services Industry : Development of Database and International Comparisons.

一个关于日本零售金融服务公司战略和组织变化的纵向数据库是在1945年至2004年期间创建的。该数据库由报纸、杂志和年度报告中公开发布的帐户组成。细粒度文本分析用于揭示变更操作的关键特征，例如变更的类型、变更在组织中的位置、结果以及支持的目标和基本原理。此外，还捕获了战略类型、战略意图和组织结构的度量。在此基础上，进行了实证研究。首先，使用美国数据库进行的分析表明，次级贷款监管的扩大导致了房屋净值信贷流向低收入和高风险借款人的意外结果。其次，发现了损害欧洲消费信贷市场发展的几个因素：严格的监管、金融机构的风险规避以及文化和宗教背景。其中最大的障碍是信用机构的不发达。第三，日本金融服务公司在亚洲国家的战略变化有两种类型：开发和探索。在香港、韩国和台湾，我们发现开采比勘探更频繁。第四，对日本个人破产的成因进行实证分析。收入减少等生活事件是个人破产的最有力预测因素。最后，日本金融服务公司向海外扩张的两个潜在动机被发现：他们可以寻求资源，如资本，或者他们可以追求额外的机会，如在新市场上向他们的传统客户群销售，甚至在这些新市场上向新的细分市场销售。

A longitudinal database of strategic and organizational changes for Japanese retail financial services companies was created during the period of 1945 and 2004. The database consists of publicly available accounts published in newspaper, magazines, and annual reports. Fine-grained text analysis was used to uncover the key characteristics of the change actions, such as type of change, location of change within the organization, outcomes, and espoused goals and rationales. In addition, measures of strategy types, strategic intent and organizational structure were captured.Based on the database, several empirical studies were performed. First, analysis using the U.S. database showed that expansion of regulation in sub-prime lending lead to the unintended result of reducing the flow of home equity credit to lower income and higher risk borrowers. Second, several factors which had impaired development of European consumer credit markets were found : strict regulation, risk-avoidance by financial institutions, and cultural and religious backgrounds. Among them the strongest impediment was the underdevelopment of credit bureaus. Third, two types of strategic changes by Japanese financial services companies were found in Asian countries : exploitation and exploration. We found exploitation more frequently than exploration in Hong Kong, South Korea and Taiwan. Forth, empirical analyses were performed on causes of personal bankruptcy in Japan. Life event such as reduced income was the strongest predictor for personal bankruptcy. Finally, two potential motives for Japanese financial services companies to expand abroad were found : They could seek resources, such as a capital, or they could pursue additional opportunities such as selling to their traditional customer segment in new markets or even to new segments in those new markets.