A basic studies to develop the immune therapy for periodontal diseases by employing glycolipids derived from periodontal bacteria as antigens.

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This study is the first trial to establish the immune therapy for periodontal diseases by using glycolipid antigens derived from periodontal bacteria. It has been reported that the existence of T cells recognize the glycolipid antigens in context of CD1 molecules expressed on dendritic cells(DCs). These phenomena led us to have a hypothesis that the immune responses against glycolipids from periodontal bacteria were involved in the host defense of periodontal patients. To clarify the possibility of this issue, we tried to identify the glycolipid antigens derived from periodontal bacteria, CD1 molecules and T cell populations. We succeeded in obtaining the glycolipids showing high polarity derived from sonic extracts of three bacteria, including A.actinomycetemcomitans, P.gingivalis and T denticola. These glycolipids were mixed and added in the culture of DCs to be presented efficiently by CD1 molecules expressed on DCs. We co-cultured T cells from healthy volunteers with these DCs derived from irrelevant donors for several weeks. As a result, we succeeded in establishing 16 T cell lines from 3 healthy donors, which showed specific response against glycolipid antigens derived from these bacteria. To identify the glycolipid antigens inducing T cell proliferative responses, we separated the extract materials into several fractions and evaluated T cell proliferative responses in the presence of each fraction as antigen. As a result, it was revealed that there were several fractions inducing T cell responses, and that most of T cells induced by these fractions were CD4 positive. These findings elucidated that several glycolipids derived from periodontal bacteria would be possible antigens to induce the proliferative responses of CD4 positive T cells.