Study on the Metabolic Syndrome in Japanese Living in Japan and Hawaii for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Disease.

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Backgrounds : A novel adipose-specific protein, adiponectin has been suggested to play an important role in modulation of the metabolic syndrome (MetSx). We compared the prevalence of MetSx and the plasma adiponectin concentrations among Japanese men and women in Japan and Hawaii.Methods : In between 1997 and 1998, community-based men and women aged 40-59 years were examined by common standardized methods-a sample in Japan (130 men and 129 women) and a Japanese-American sample in Hawaii (136 men and 131 women).MetSx was defined as the co-occurrence of any 3 or more of the following 5 abnormalities: body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2, HbA1c > 5.6%, blood pressure 130/85 mmHg or use of antihypertensive therapy, triglycerides greater than or equal 150 mg/dl, HDLc < 40 mg/dl.Results : The mean BMI was higher in those who live in Hawaii than those in Japan (men: 23.4±2.8 vs 28.1±4.7 kg/m2, P<0.0001; women: 23.4±3.0 vs 25.9±5.4 kg/m2, P<0.0001). The prevalence of MetSx was higher in those who live in Hawaii than those in Japan (men: 3.9% vs 23.2%, P<0.0001; women: 2.3% vs 9.7%, P=0.012)The mean adiponectin was higher in those who live in Japan (men: 8.1±3.8 vs 6.7±3.2 μg/ml, P=0.003; women 12.9±6.1 vs 9.3±4.2 μg/ml, P<0.0001), however, the difference was not significant among those with BMI > 28 kg/m2 (P=0.16 for men and P=0.40 for women). Significant determinants of adiponectin were BMI, HDLc and Alcohol consumption in men, and Age, BMI, Site, HDLc, and Energy intake in women.Conclusions : BMI has a significant effect on MetSx and adiponectin in Japanese.