DIGIPART: Digital solution of participation deficits? Multi-channel-participation at the three critical interfaces of the planning process

即使参与是一个长期的问题，参与活动在过去几年成倍增加，一些问题仍然没有得到解决：特别是参与的社会选择性和与参与过程和结果的政治合法性有关的问题。关于参与形式及其对相关行为者的直接影响的研究成果很多，但关于参与结果是否会影响政治规划过程，特别是从长远来看是否会影响政治规划过程的研究成果较少。近二十年来，数字化已经进入了参与程序。随着web 2.0的出现，双向参与的可能性增加了。然而，目前的研究暗示，参与中的数字元素几乎是不可或缺的，但它们并没有解决上述参与的缺陷：主要是社会选择性和政治合法性。此外，问题是数字化是否会导致沟通质量和参与结果的下降。人们普遍认为，为了获得良好的参与效果，模拟和数字格式必须结合起来。对于这个多重。参与形式的渠道混合及其影响，至少在空间规划过程中几乎没有研究成果。这是这个研究项目的出发点。其目的是从比较的角度探讨多渠道参与程序在几种类型的空间规划（特别是区域和地方土地利用规划、城市更新政策、城市发展政策）中的形式、应用、过程、结果和影响。在分析中，将对参与程序和政治规划过程的三个接口进行系统区分：参与过程的哪一点开始，参与的结果如何影响政治决策，以及它们是否从长远来看得到实施？

Even if participation is a permanent issue since a longer time and participation-activities multiplied in the last years, some problems remain unsolved: especially the social selectivity of participation and connected the question of political legitimacy oft he participation-processes and results. There are numerous research-findings on the forms of participation and their direct impacts on the involved actors, but fewer findings to the question if participation-results influence political planning-processes and especially if they are implemented in a longer view.Since almost two decades the digitalization has entried in participation-procedures. With the web 2.0 the possibilities of the two-way-participation increased. The present studies however give hints that digital elements in participation meanwhile are almost indispensable, but they don´s solve the deficits of participation named above: mainly social selectivity and political legitimacy. Furthermore the question is if digitalization leeds to a loss of quality of communication and participation results. Largely consens exists that analog and digital formats have to be combined for good participation-results. For this multi.channel-mixes of participation formats and their impacts there are almost no research findings at least for spatial planning processes. This is the starting point of this research-project. Its aim is to investigate the forms, appilcation, process, results and impacts of multi-channel-participation-procedures in several types of spatial planning (especially regional and local land use planning, urban renewal policy, urban development policy) in a comparing perspective. In the analysis there will be done a systematic differenciation between the three interfaces of partitipation-procedures and the political planning process: At which point o the process participation starts, how do the results of participation influence political decisions and do they get implemented in a longer view?