Mechanism of latent infection of Herpesviridae and its reactivation following organ transplantation

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BALB/c mice were ip infected with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). When virus titers were enumerated by real-time PCR, it was demonstrated that the virus was latently infected in the lungs 3 months after the infection. However, a large number (Ca.10% of total pulmonary lymphocytes) of MCMV-specific memory-effctor CTL, which was examined using MHC/antigen-tetramer, was still detectable in the organs even 1 year after the infection. Thus, MCMV-specific memory-effctor CTL was presumably maintained without MCMV antigens. Thus, MCMV-specific memory-effctor CTL may play a role in prevention of CMV-reactivation.On the other hand, such MCMV-specific memory-effctor CTL could not be detected in the lungs of germfree mice, suggesting that such bacterial product as LPS and/or CpG motif may participate in the maintenace of MCMV-specific memory-effctor CTL. This result suggested that eradication of intestinal bacterial flora in pre-treatment before bone marrow transplantation may diminish indigenous MCMV-specific memory-effctor CTL.