A GEOGRAPHICAL STUDY ON THE CHANGE OF URBAN REGIONAL STRUCTURE WITH THE STEP-WISE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

本课题的研究目的是探讨随着城市的发展而产生的交通问题。交通与城市形成的关系可以从近代城市的历史发展中看到。随着城市的逐步扩展，交通工具也逐步引入。二战后，日本为科普大都市的空间扩张，修建了地下铁道和高速公路等新型交通系统。高速的经济增长使得有可能在城市内部引入这种交通工具。但是，在石油危机之后，各国政府感到很难像以前那样继续建造交通工具。城市郊区的发展被迫停滞，交通运输企业，尤其是公共交通，面临着盈利能力难以维持的困境。在本研究的名古屋都市圈中引入了新型的交通工具，如引导巴士系统和高速地面交通。这些运输系统是在日本投入大量资金和时间开发的，并首次投入使用。继东京、大坂、横滨之后，城市高速公路系统的出现，促进了大都会的时空融合。随着交通系统的这些变化，城市及其周边地区的可达性得到了极大的改善。交通运输系统作为城市的基础设施，在以前以制造业为导向的经济活动中起着支撑作用。但是，目前，这些系统用于使公司和个人能够顺利地咖喱主要与服务有关的活动。本研究描述了二战后半个世纪交通系统与城市发展关系变化的空间过程。

The purpose of this research project is to deal with the progress of transportation that has been built with the development of city. The relationship between transportation and city formation can be seen in the historical development of the modern city. As a city was extended in phases, transportation means was introduced stepwise. After W W II, new transportations such as underground railway and highway system were constructed to cope with the spatial expansion of the metropolises in Japan. High economic growth made it possible to introduce such transportation means within the city. But, after the oil crisis, governments felt it difficult to continue building transportation means as before. Suburban development was forced to stagnate, and transportation enterprise, especially public transit, confronted with the difficulty of maintaining the profitability. New type of transportation means such as guide-way bus system and high-speed surface transportation was introduced in the Nagoya metropolitan area of this study. These transportation systems have been developed with much capital and time, and put into practice for the first time in Japan. Urban high way system, which was introduced after Tokyo, Osaka and Yokohama, contributed to the time-space convergence of the metropolis. With these changes in transportation system, the accessibility within city and its surrounding area has been greatly improved. Transportation systems, as the infrastructure of a city, had a role to sustain the economic activities oriented to manufacturing before. But, at present, these systems are used for enabling firms and people to curry out smoothly their activities mostly related with services. This study depicted the spatial process of changing relationship between transportation systems and urban development during half a century after W W II.