Comparative study on the institutional aspects of forest management during the colonial period : India, ghana, and sarawak

殖民时期森林管理制度方面的比较研究：印度、加纳和沙捞越

基本信息

批准号：
16580114
负责人：
MASUDA Misa
金额：
$ 2.24万
依托单位：
University of tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16580114/
关键词：
Colonial period British India Ghana Sarawak Forest management Forest administration Forest Act Reserved forest インド

项目摘要

This study aims to review the development process of forest regimes during the colonial period, with special concern to the difference of ecological environment and market pressure.Through the literature study on the latter half of the 19^<th> India, Tani revealed that the main source of increasing revenue was logging activities of hardwood such as teak, sal and deodar both by the private sector and Forest Department (FD). It resulted in good enough surplus, from which we can infer the motivation of the colonial government in the development of forest administration.Masuda analyzed the process of forestland demarcation and pointed out that despite the valuable forest resources, demarcation in Burma did not make a remarkable progress by the segregation, which background can be found in the widely practiced shifting cultivation. Similar conditions can be found in rain forests environment, and in Anglophone Africa demarcation was more advanced in economically valueless savanna forests. After the independence, one of the differences between India and other British colonies is the procedure to create reserved forest has been continued in India, while stagnation of the process took place in many other countries. Substantial boundaries of forest resources could be the basis of Joint Forest Management applied in 1990.Asano, Onda and Masuda also studied the current land use and forest resources in Kerala, and found the colonial authority on land and resources was not only FD but also Revenue Department (RD). In Cardamom Hills Reserve, the land is under the jurisdiction of RD, trees are controlled by FD, and crops arranged in between trees belong to cultivators. Though the systems are complicated reflecting the history, trees are still maintained under a balance among environment, market and rules.

这项研究旨在回顾殖民时期森林制度的发展过程，特别关注生态环境和市场压力的差异。通过19^<th印度后期的文献研究，塔尼（Tani）透露，收入增加的主要来源是养硬木的记录活动，例如柚木，萨尔（Sal）和私人部门和私人部门（F. Fd）（FD）。这导致了足够好的盈余，我们可以从中推断出殖民政府在森林管理部门发展中的动机。Masuda分析了林地界限的过程，并指出，尽管有宝贵的森林资源，但缅甸的界限并未通过隔离而取得了显着的进步，在隔离中可以发现这种背景，在大规模的耕种中可以找到这种背景。在雨林环境中也可以找到类似的条件，在英语中，非洲划界在经济上毫无价值的萨凡纳森林中更加先进。独立后，印度与其他英国殖民地之间的差异之一是在印度继续建造预留森林的程序，而该过程的停滞也在许多其他国家发生。森林资源的大量界限可能是1990年应用的联合森林管理的基础。Asano，Onda和Masuda还研究了喀拉拉邦当前的土地使用和森林资源，并发现土地和资源上的殖民地权力局不仅是FD，而且是税务局（RD）。在豆蔻山保护区，土地在RD的管辖范围下，树木由FD控制，在树木之间排列的农作物属于耕种者。尽管这些系统复杂地反映了历史，但树木仍在环境，市场和规则之间保持平衡。