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Comparative study on the institutional aspects of forest management during the colonial period : India, ghana, and sarawak

殖民时期森林管理制度方面的比较研究：印度、加纳和沙捞越

基本信息

批准号：
16580114
负责人：
MASUDA Misa
金额：
$ 2.24万
依托单位：
University of tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16580114/
关键词：
Colonial period British India Ghana Sarawak Forest management Forest administration Forest Act Reserved forest インド

项目摘要

This study aims to review the development process of forest regimes during the colonial period, with special concern to the difference of ecological environment and market pressure.Through the literature study on the latter half of the 19^<th> India, Tani revealed that the main source of increasing revenue was logging activities of hardwood such as teak, sal and deodar both by the private sector and Forest Department (FD). It resulted in good enough surplus, from which we can infer the motivation of the colonial government in the development of forest administration.Masuda analyzed the process of forestland demarcation and pointed out that despite the valuable forest resources, demarcation in Burma did not make a remarkable progress by the segregation, which background can be found in the widely practiced shifting cultivation. Similar conditions can be found in rain forests environment, and in Anglophone Africa demarcation was more advanced in economically valueless savanna forests. After the independence, one of the differences between India and other British colonies is the procedure to create reserved forest has been continued in India, while stagnation of the process took place in many other countries. Substantial boundaries of forest resources could be the basis of Joint Forest Management applied in 1990.Asano, Onda and Masuda also studied the current land use and forest resources in Kerala, and found the colonial authority on land and resources was not only FD but also Revenue Department (RD). In Cardamom Hills Reserve, the land is under the jurisdiction of RD, trees are controlled by FD, and crops arranged in between trees belong to cultivators. Though the systems are complicated reflecting the history, trees are still maintained under a balance among environment, market and rules.

本研究旨在回顾殖民时期森林制度的发展过程，特别关注生态环境和市场压力的差异。通过对19世纪下半叶印度的文献研究，Tani揭示了私营部门和林业部(FD)的硬木采伐活动是增加收入的主要来源。松田分析了缅甸林地划定的过程，指出尽管缅甸拥有宝贵的森林资源，但实行种族隔离并没有取得显著的进展，这一背景可以从普遍实行的轮耕中找到。在热带雨林环境中也可以发现类似的条件，在英语非洲，没有经济价值的稀树草原森林的划界更先进。独立后，印度与其他英国殖民地的一个不同之处在于，保留森林的创建程序在印度继续进行，而在许多其他国家，这一过程却停滞不前。森林资源的实质性边界可以作为1990年实施联合森林管理的基础。浅野、翁达和松田还研究了喀拉拉邦土地利用和森林资源的现状，发现土地资源的殖民当局不仅是FD，还包括税务局(RD)。在豆蔻丘陵保护区，土地归RD管辖，树木由FD控制，树间种植的作物属于耕种者。虽然制度复杂，反映了历史，但树木仍然在环境、市场和规则之间保持着平衡。