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Comparative study on the institutional aspects of forest management during the colonial period : India, ghana, and sarawak

殖民时期森林管理制度方面的比较研究：印度、加纳和沙捞越

基本信息

批准号：
16580114
负责人：
MASUDA Misa
金额：
$ 2.24万
依托单位：
University of tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16580114/
关键词：
Colonial period British India Ghana Sarawak Forest management Forest administration Forest Act Reserved forest インド

项目摘要

This study aims to review the development process of forest regimes during the colonial period, with special concern to the difference of ecological environment and market pressure.Through the literature study on the latter half of the 19^<th> India, Tani revealed that the main source of increasing revenue was logging activities of hardwood such as teak, sal and deodar both by the private sector and Forest Department (FD). It resulted in good enough surplus, from which we can infer the motivation of the colonial government in the development of forest administration.Masuda analyzed the process of forestland demarcation and pointed out that despite the valuable forest resources, demarcation in Burma did not make a remarkable progress by the segregation, which background can be found in the widely practiced shifting cultivation. Similar conditions can be found in rain forests environment, and in Anglophone Africa demarcation was more advanced in economically valueless savanna forests. After the independence, one of the differences between India and other British colonies is the procedure to create reserved forest has been continued in India, while stagnation of the process took place in many other countries. Substantial boundaries of forest resources could be the basis of Joint Forest Management applied in 1990.Asano, Onda and Masuda also studied the current land use and forest resources in Kerala, and found the colonial authority on land and resources was not only FD but also Revenue Department (RD). In Cardamom Hills Reserve, the land is under the jurisdiction of RD, trees are controlled by FD, and crops arranged in between trees belong to cultivators. Though the systems are complicated reflecting the history, trees are still maintained under a balance among environment, market and rules.

本文通过对19世纪后半期印度的文献研究，回顾了殖民地时期森林制度的发展过程，特别关注了生态环境和市场压力的差异<th>，Tani揭示了增加收入的主要来源是私营部门和林业部门（FD）对柚木、萨尔和雪松等硬木的采伐活动。增田分析了缅甸林地勘界的过程，指出尽管缅甸拥有宝贵的森林资源，但由于实行了大规模的轮垦，林地勘界并没有取得显著的进展。在雨林环境中也可以发现类似的情况，在英语非洲，在没有经济价值的稀树草原森林中，划界工作更为先进。独立后，印度与其他英国殖民地的一个不同之处在于，印度继续建立保留森林的程序，而其他许多国家的这一进程停滞不前。浅野、翁田和增田还研究了喀拉拉邦的土地利用和森林资源现状，发现土地和资源的殖民当局不仅是FD，而且还有税务局（RD）。在豆蔻山保护区，土地归RD管辖，树木归FD控制，安排在树木之间的作物属于耕作者。尽管历史上的树木保护系统是复杂的，但树木仍然在环境、市场和规则的平衡中得以维持。