Comparative study on decentralization and privatization of forest management in developing countries

发展中国家森林管理权力下放与私有化的比较研究

• 批准号: 13372005
• 负责人: MASUDA Misa
• 金额: $ 16.47万
• 依托单位: University of Tsukuba
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13372005/
• 关键词: forest administration; decentralization; institution; participatory forest management; China; India; Indonesia; NGO; 退耕還林; ガーナ; 民営化; 国有林; 中華人民共和国; 林野管理; 持続的森林経営; アグロフォレストリー; 西カリマンタン

The objectives of this research project are to find the interactive relations between institutional aspects and local societies and to examine the effect of decentralization on forest resources. Following countries were selected as the cases : China with the centralized administration system, India with the concurrent forest administration system between the central and local governments, and Indonesia and Ghana as the cases in transition from the centralized to decentralized systems. Though each study under this project focused on diverse aspects and diffierent level of devolution, some findings could be obtained as a whole :1)China is quantitatively succeeding in natural forest conservation and creation of woodlots on farmland, which is derived from expansion of central government subsidies to the forestry sector and increasing working opportunities in non-agricultural sectors.2)Drastic change in the National Forest Policy lead to successive expansion of Joint Forest Management, but the achievement on the ground depends on the capacity of local governments. From a case of Kerala, importance of clearly demarcated forestland, trained foresters and NGOs as intermediaries is suggested.3)From the cases of Central Java, West Java, and West Kalimantan in Indonesia, it can be concluded that forests with economic values have been functioned as a business chance for those who have some capital or surplus labor farce, including local people. Though such a business can be started under local initiatives, it easily falls under the control of outsiders with larger power in accordance with the growth of outcomes. Empowerment of fragile local societies and capacity building of local governments are required instead of a mere flow of subsidies into the forestry sector.

这一研究项目的目的是找出体制方面和地方社会之间的互动关系，并审查权力下放对森林资源的影响。以下国家被选为案例：实行中央管理制度的中国、实行中央和地方政府同时进行的森林管理制度的印度、以及从中央管理体制向分散管理体制过渡的印度尼西亚和加纳。虽然本项目下的每项研究都侧重于不同方面和不同程度的权力下放，但总体上可以得到一些结论：1)中国在天然林保护和农田林地创造方面取得了数量上的成功，这源于中央政府对林业部门补贴的扩大和非农部门就业机会的增加。2)国家林业政策的急剧变化导致联合森林经营不断扩大，但实地成果取决于地方政府的能力。3)从印度尼西亚中爪哇、西爪哇和西加里曼丹的案例可以得出结论，对于那些有资本或剩余劳动力闹剧的人，包括当地人来说，具有经济价值的森林已经成为了一个商机。虽然这样的企业可以在当地的倡议下启动，但根据结果的增长，它很容易落入拥有更大权力的外来者的控制之下。需要赋予脆弱的地方社会权力和地方政府的能力建设，而不是仅仅向林业部门提供补贴。

项目成果

環境保全型農業事典(石井龍一編)

环境保护农业百科全书（石井龙一编）

• 发表时间: 2005
• 作者: 林 幸博

サバンナ帯における伝統医療と植生:ガーナの事例

草原地区的传统医学和植被：加纳的案例

• 发表时间: 2002
• 期刊: 筑波大学農林技術センター演習林報告 18
• 作者: SAITO Tatsuya;et al.;MASUDA Misa;庄子 加代
• 通讯作者: 庄子 加代

Implementation of Participatory Forest Management and responses of local people in Kerala State, India

印度喀拉拉邦参与式森林管理的实施及当地人的反应

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: TROPICS In press
• 作者: MASUDA Misa

Impact of natural forest conservation policy on the local communities : a case in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province, China (in Japanes)

天然林保护政策对当地社区的影响：以中国吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州为例（日文）

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: Journal of Forest Economics 51(1)
• 作者: CUI Teiyan;MASUDA Misa
• 通讯作者: MASUDA Misa

Impact of nature conservation policy on the forest management in China : a case study of Chang-bai Shan Forest Reserve (in Japanese)

自然保护政策对中国森林经营的影响：以长白山森林保护区为例（日语）

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: Journal of Forest Economics 50(1)
• 作者: CUI Teiyan;MASUDA Misa
• 通讯作者: MASUDA Misa