Molecular Mechanisms of Germ Cell Formation

生殖细胞形成的分子机制

• 批准号: 07283104
• 负责人: NAGAHAMA Yoshitaka
• 金额: $ 190.34万
• 依托单位: Okazaki National Research Institutes
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07283104/
• 关键词: germ cell formation; formation of gonads; sex differentiation; vertebrate; spermatogenesis; Drosophila; primordial germ cells; hormone; 生殖細胞; 卵形成; 極細胞; 体細胞; 減数分裂

A solid understanding of germ cell differentiation is critical to virtually all aspects of reproductive and developmental biology. To increase our basic knowledge, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of germ cell formation were investigated using mice, amphibians, fishes and Drosophila. Our findings include : 1. (1) The critical importance of gonadotropin, 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), 11-KT receptors, activin type I and II receptors and several CDK/cyclin complexes to initiating spermatogenesis in Japanese eel ; (2) the dependence of ovarian differentiation on estrogen in tilapia ; (3) elucidation of the MPF activation/inactivation mechanisms in goldfish oocytes. 2. (1) Identification of WT-1, activin and IGF-I as mediators of FSH-induced spermatogonial differentiation and initiation of meiosis in newt testes ; (2) The important role of prolactin in newt spermatogonial apoptosis. 3. (1) The involvement of the Nanos and Pumilio proteins in regulating polar cell migration to the gonads during Drosophila development ; (2) the essential role the novel gene indora plays during differentiation of Drosophila polar cells. 4. (1) Identification of neuregulin-b/ErbB3 as a critical factor for primordial germ cell (PGC) development in mice ; (2) the ability of the mouse epiblast to autonomously differentiate into PGCs in culture between 5.5 and 6.0 dpc. 5. (1) The X/A ratio transcriptionally regulates Sxl expression during early embryogenesis in Drosophila ; (2) characterization of a zebrafish DAZ homologue as a mediator of germ cell development. 6. (1) The essential nature of calmegin, a novel gene, for sperm-egg binding in mouse ; (2) identification of more than 80 clones that are specifically expressed in the haploid germ cells of mouse testes

对生殖细胞分化的深入了解对生殖和发育生物学的几乎所有方面都至关重要。为了增加我们的基础知识，生殖细胞形成的分子和细胞机制进行了研究，使用小鼠，两栖动物，鱼类和果蝇。我们的发现包括：1. (1)促性腺激素、11-酮睾酮（11-KT）、11-KT受体、激活素I型和II型受体以及几种CDK/细胞周期蛋白复合物在日本鳗鲡精子发生中的关键作用;（2）罗非鱼卵巢分化对雌激素的依赖性;（3）金鱼卵母细胞MPF激活/失活机制的阐明。2. (1)WT-1、激活素和IGF-I在FSH诱导蝾螈精原细胞分化和减数分裂启动中的介导作用;（2）催乳素在蝾螈精原细胞凋亡中的重要作用。3. (1)Nanos和Pumilio蛋白参与调节果蝇发育过程中极细胞向性腺的迁移;（2）新基因indora在果蝇极细胞分化过程中的重要作用。4. (1)神经调节蛋白-b/ErbB 3作为小鼠原始生殖细胞（PGC）发育的关键因子的鉴定;（2）小鼠上胚层在5.5和6.0 dpc之间的培养中自主分化成PGC的能力。5. (1)X/A比率在果蝇早期胚胎发生中转录调节Sxl表达;（2）斑马鱼DAZ同源物作为生殖细胞发育介导物的表征。6. (1)小鼠精卵结合新基因calmegin的基本特性：（2）小鼠睾丸单倍体生殖细胞特异表达的80多个克隆的鉴定

项目成果

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