Molecular Mechanisms of Germ Cell Formation

生殖细胞形成的分子机制

• 批准号: 07283104
• 负责人: NAGAHAMA Yoshitaka
• 金额: $ 190.34万
• 依托单位: Okazaki National Research Institutes
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07283104/
• 关键词: germ cell formation; formation of gonads; sex differentiation; vertebrate; spermatogenesis; Drosophila; primordial germ cells; hormone; 生殖細胞; 卵形成; 極細胞; 体細胞; 減数分裂

A solid understanding of germ cell differentiation is critical to virtually all aspects of reproductive and developmental biology. To increase our basic knowledge, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of germ cell formation were investigated using mice, amphibians, fishes and Drosophila. Our findings include : 1. (1) The critical importance of gonadotropin, 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), 11-KT receptors, activin type I and II receptors and several CDK/cyclin complexes to initiating spermatogenesis in Japanese eel ; (2) the dependence of ovarian differentiation on estrogen in tilapia ; (3) elucidation of the MPF activation/inactivation mechanisms in goldfish oocytes. 2. (1) Identification of WT-1, activin and IGF-I as mediators of FSH-induced spermatogonial differentiation and initiation of meiosis in newt testes ; (2) The important role of prolactin in newt spermatogonial apoptosis. 3. (1) The involvement of the Nanos and Pumilio proteins in regulating polar cell migration to the gonads during Drosophila development ; (2) the essential role the novel gene indora plays during differentiation of Drosophila polar cells. 4. (1) Identification of neuregulin-b/ErbB3 as a critical factor for primordial germ cell (PGC) development in mice ; (2) the ability of the mouse epiblast to autonomously differentiate into PGCs in culture between 5.5 and 6.0 dpc. 5. (1) The X/A ratio transcriptionally regulates Sxl expression during early embryogenesis in Drosophila ; (2) characterization of a zebrafish DAZ homologue as a mediator of germ cell development. 6. (1) The essential nature of calmegin, a novel gene, for sperm-egg binding in mouse ; (2) identification of more than 80 clones that are specifically expressed in the haploid germ cells of mouse testes

对生殖细胞分化的扎实理解对于生殖和发育生物学的几乎所有方面至关重要。为了增加我们的基本知识，使用小鼠，两栖动物，鱼类和果蝇研究了生殖细胞形成的分子和细胞机制。我们的发现包括：1。（1）促性腺激素，11-酮酮睾丸激素（11-KT），11-KT受体，I型和II受体的至关重要性以及几种CDK/Cyclin复合物对于日本EEL发起的精子发生； （2）卵巢分化对罗非鱼的雌激素的依赖性； （3）阐明金鱼卵母细胞中MPF激活/灭活机制。 2。（1）将WT-1，激活素和IGF-I鉴定为FSH诱导的精子分化和NEWT睾丸中减数分裂的启动的介体； （2）催乳素在NEWT精子凋亡中的重要作用。 3。（1）纳米和pumilio蛋白在果蝇发育过程中调节极性细胞向性腺的迁移； （2）新型基因Indora在果蝇极细胞分化过程中发挥的重要作用。 4。（1）鉴定神经蛋白-B/ERBB3是小鼠原始生殖细胞（PGC）发育的关键因素； （2）小鼠纤维在5.5至6.0 dpc之间自主分化为PGC的能力。 5。（1）X/A比转录调节果蝇早期胚胎发生期间的SXL表达； （2）将斑马鱼DAZ同源物作为生殖细胞发育的介体的表征。 6。（1）新型基因Calmegin的基本性质，用于小鼠中的精子结合； （2）鉴定在小鼠睾丸的单倍体生殖细胞中特别表达的80多个克隆

项目成果

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