The studies on organization and evolution of eukaiyotes based on genome analyses of primitive red alga.

基于原始红藻基因组分析的真生物组织和进化研究。

• 批准号: 13206011
• 负责人: KUROIWA Tsuneyoshi
• 金额: $ 62.4万
• 依托单位: University of Rikkyou (2003-2004)The University of Tokyo (2001-2002)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13206011/
• 关键词: genome; eukaryote; organelle; red alga; division apparatus; extreme environment; intron; phylogenetic analysis; シゾン; 真核生物全ゲノム解読; マイクロアレイ; 全テロメア解読; 全セントロメア解読; Cyanidioschyzon merolae; 真核生物ゲノムの解読; 植物の起源; 真核生物の最小遺伝子セット; 最小rRNAセット; 真核細胞起源

Small, compact genomes of ultrasmall unicellular algae provide information on the basic and essential genes that support the lives of photosynthetic eukaryotes, including higher plants. We reported the 16,520,305-base-pair sequence of the 20 chromosomes of the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D as the first complete algal genome. We identified 5,331 genes in total, of which at least 86.3% were expressed. Unique characteristics of this genomic structure include: a lack of introns in all but 26 genes; only three copies of ribosomal DNA units that maintain the nucleolus; and two dynamin genes that are involved only in the division of mitochondria and plastids. The conserved mosaic origin of Calvin cycle enzymes in this red alga and in green plants supports the hypothesis of the existence of single primary plastid endosymbiosis. The lack of a myosin gene, in addition to the unexpressed actin gene, suggests a simpler system of cytokinesis. These results indicate that the C. merolae genome provides a model system with a simple gene composition for studying the origin, evolution and fundamental mechanisms of eukaryotic cells.

超小型单细胞藻类的小而紧凑的基因组提供了支持光合真核生物（包括高等植物）生命的基本和必需基因的信息。我们报道了单细胞红藻Cyanidioschyzonmerolae 10 D的20条染色体的16，520，305个碱基对的序列，这是第一个完整的藻类基因组。我们总共鉴定了5，331个基因，其中至少86.3%表达。这种基因组结构的独特特征包括：除了26个基因外，所有基因都缺乏内含子;只有三个拷贝的核糖体DNA单位维持核仁;两个动力蛋白基因只参与线粒体和质体的分裂。这种红色的植物和绿色植物中的卡尔文循环酶的保守的镶嵌起源支持了单一初级质体内共生存在的假设。除了未表达的肌动蛋白基因外，肌球蛋白基因的缺乏表明胞质分裂系统更简单。这些结果表明，C. merolae基因组为研究真核细胞的起源、进化和基本机制提供了一个基因组成简单的模型系统。

项目成果

Miyagishima et al.: "An evolutionary puzzle : chloroplast and mitochondrial division rings"Trends in Plant Sci.. 8. 432-438 (2003)

Miyagishima 等人：“进化之谜：叶绿体和线粒体分裂环”植物科学趋势.. 8. 432-438 (2003)

Kobayashi, T., Takahara, M., et al.: "Detection and localization of a chloroplast-encoded HU-like protein that may organize chloroplast nucleoids"Plant Cell. 14. 1579-1589 (2002)

Kobayashi, T.、Takahara, M. 等人：“检测和定位可能组织叶绿体核的叶绿体编码的 HU 样蛋白”Plant Cell。

The phylogenetic position of red algae revealed by multiple nuclear genes from mitochondria-containing eukaryotes and an alternative hypothesis on the origin of plastids

• DOI: 10.1007/s00239-002-2419-9
• 发表时间: 2003-04-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Nozaki, H;Matsuzaki, M;Kuroiwa, T
• 通讯作者: Kuroiwa, T

Two types of FtsZ proteins in mitochondria and red-lineage chloroplasts : the duplication of FtsZ is implicated in endosynmbiosis.

线粒体和红系叶绿体中的两种类型的 FtsZ 蛋白：FtsZ 的重复与内共生有关。

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: J.Mol.Evol. 58
• 作者: H.Shiozawa 他17名;Miyagishima et al.
• 通讯作者: Miyagishima et al.

Matsuzaki et al.: "Genome sequence of the ultra-small unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10"Nature. (In press). (2004)

Matsuzaki 等人：“超小型单细胞红藻 Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10 的基因组序列”Nature。