Immigrant Communities and Language: language contact and language policy

我们对在日本的韩国移民社区进行的研究的主要发现之一是，语言的使用因民族学校的类型和移民到日本的时间而异。我们对德国的土耳其移民社区的研究表明，不仅一代人（第一代或第二代），而且性别对语言的使用也有影响，而且在十年的移民之后，在母国和移民社区的多样性之间观察到了共同的特征。我们对爱尔兰社区的研究证实了接触引起的语言变化的各个方面。根据调查结果，我们得出的结论是，移民语言不是一个复杂的语言在移民社区。移民语言是一种语言使用方式，在这种语言使用方式中，使用者保留了特定语言的语言特征，并对这些特征做出了积极的选择。

One of the major findings in our research on Korean immigrant communities in Japan is that the use of language differs among the type of ethnic schools and the time of migration to Japan. Our research on Turkish immigrant communities in Germany reveals that not only generation (1st or not) but also gender effect on the use of language and that there are common features observed between the variety of the home country and that of the immigrant community after a decade of migration. Our research on Irish communities has confirmed various aspects of contact-induced language change. Based on the findings, we have concluded that immigrant language is not a complex of languages spoken in immigrant communities. Immigrant language, instead, can be referred to as a manner of the language use, in which speakers retain linguistic features of given languages and make active choices of the features.