Sociological Study on the Changes of Rural Family and Rural Social Structure.

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The main puepose of this study is to run follw-up surveys of the 6 rural fields where we made survey during past 30 years. Especially we concentrated our study on the comparative study of two villages of Okayama and Akita prefectures which situatd in the western and eastern districts of Japan. In 1953 and 1963, we made the surveys of farmeres' social attitudes in these two villages. This time we have made the follw-up study of these surveys with the same questinnaires. Our aims is to understand the rural basic social changes from the viewpoint of farmers' attitudes.In the era of 1953, when the first survey was made, there was serious social confusion after the world war. In our study, the Japanese traditional values and newly introduced modernistic values are confliction in all aspects of family, rural community and the state on which we focused our attention.From 1953 to 1968, the changes of farmers' attitudes are extremely drastic. Japanese society had experienxed rapid economic growth during these times. The traditional attitudes toward family, rural comunity and the state that had placed more emphasis on totality and groups than on individuality changed to the attitudes of attaching importance to the interests of daily lives.From 1968 to 1985, the changes of attitudes are rather slow. Farmers are worried about the decline of agriculture. But we can re-confirm the fixed attitudes to attach importance to the interests of daily lives, whreas we can see the lasting of traditional attitudes about some phases of family and community. After the long period of peace and economic stability of Japanese society, traditional attitudes and individualistic attitudes are integrated with harmony and without conflict in farming inhabitants. Certainly, individualistic attitudes are growing larger but this change is slow moving one on the base of Japanese rural tradition.