The Return, Transfer and Reutilization of the Military Bases and Okinawa Development

冲绳拥有美国在日本75%的军事基地。20世纪90年代中期，冲绳居民自发、激烈地掀起了要求归还军事基地土地的运动。1996年日美关系冲绳特别行动委员会（SACO）提出了承诺在5~7年内恢复11个基地的报告。冲绳县政府也接受了这一提议，但恢复基地的条件是将基地转移到冲绳县其他地方。基地移动地反对转移基地的运动已经成为基地转移的障碍。尽管中美合作所提出的恢复基地的计划已经过去了8年，但恢复基地的计划却极其拖延。另一方面，日本政府采取了各种措施来促进冲绳的经济发展，冲绳的人均收入是日本内陆的70%。为此制定了专门的立法。基地问题和推广计划联系起来了。大量的国家资本被投入冲绳。这使得冲绳反对军事基地的舆论趋于平静。执行中美合作所协议的最重要障碍如下。(1)美军的众多罪行和军队机动造成的损失。(2)《日美驻军地位协定》。(3)基地对环境的污染和破坏。(4)在新的国际形势下美军基地的重组和基地功能的加强。过去，冲绳县希望得到日本政府的援助，以确保经济发展。但现在，冲绳正在通过融入亚洲的国际网络，寻求自力更生的发展。

Okinawa holds 75% of all U.S. military bases in Japan. The movement demanding the restoration of land occupied by military bases to Okinawa arose spontaneously and violently from among the Okinawa people in the half of 1990s. In 1996 Japan-U.S. Special Action Committee on Okinawa (SACO) offered the report which promise the restoration of 11 base in 5~7 years. The Okinawa prefectural administration also accepted it However, the restoration of bases are under the condition that they are to transfer to other places of Okinawa. The movement against transfer of bases in the places where bases move has being obstacle to the transfer of bases. The restoration of bases are extremely delayed though it has gone by 8 years after SACO proposal.On the other hand, Japanese government has carried out various measures to achieve economic promotion of Okinawa where income of a person is 70% compared with the inland Japan. Special legislation for that was done. The base problems and the promotion plan became to be linked. Enormous amount of national capital was thrown to Okinawa. This contributed to make Okinawa public opinion against bases quiet.The most important obstacles of the implementation of SACO agreement are as follows. (1)Numerous American army's crimes and damage brought about by army's maneuver. (2)"The status of Forces Agreement between Japan and the U.S.". which includes various unequality between Japan and U.S. (3)The pollution and the destruction of environment brought about by bases. 2 4 1 (4)The reorganization of U.S. bases under a new international situation and the reinforcement of the base function.In the past, Okinawa expected the assistance of Japanese government to secure economic development. But now, Okinawa is seeking the development by self-reliance through locating herself in the international network of Asia.