The Return, Transfer and Reutilization of the Military Bases and Okinawa Development

冲绳拥有75%的驻日美军基地。要求将军事基地占用的土地归还给冲绳的运动，在1990年代后半期从冲绳民众中自发而激烈地兴起。1996年，日美冲绳问题特别行动委员会（SACO）提出了在5~7年内恢复11个基地的报告。冲绳县政府也接受了但恢复基地的条件是转移到冲绳其他地方。基地转移地的反基地转移运动已成为基地转移的障碍。虽然从中美合作所提出到现在已经过去了8年，但基地的恢复却一拖再拖。另一方面，日本政府为了实现人均收入仅为内陆地区70%的冲绳的经济振兴，采取了各种措施。为此制定了专门的法律。基地的问题和升级计划联系在一起。大量的国家资本被投入到冲绳。这使得反对基地的冲绳舆论趋于平静。中美合作所协议实施的最主要障碍有以下几点。（1）美国军队在军事演习中所犯下的累累罪行和造成的巨大损失。(2)“日美之间的部队地位协定".（3）基地建设对环境的污染和破坏。2.4.1（4）在新的国际形势下美军基地的重组和基地功能的强化。过去，冲绳期待日本政府的援助，以确保经济发展。而现在，冲绳正通过定位于亚洲的国际网络中，谋求自力更生的发展。

Okinawa holds 75% of all U.S. military bases in Japan. The movement demanding the restoration of land occupied by military bases to Okinawa arose spontaneously and violently from among the Okinawa people in the half of 1990s. In 1996 Japan-U.S. Special Action Committee on Okinawa (SACO) offered the report which promise the restoration of 11 base in 5~7 years. The Okinawa prefectural administration also accepted it However, the restoration of bases are under the condition that they are to transfer to other places of Okinawa. The movement against transfer of bases in the places where bases move has being obstacle to the transfer of bases. The restoration of bases are extremely delayed though it has gone by 8 years after SACO proposal.On the other hand, Japanese government has carried out various measures to achieve economic promotion of Okinawa where income of a person is 70% compared with the inland Japan. Special legislation for that was done. The base problems and the promotion plan became to be linked. Enormous amount of national capital was thrown to Okinawa. This contributed to make Okinawa public opinion against bases quiet.The most important obstacles of the implementation of SACO agreement are as follows. (1)Numerous American army's crimes and damage brought about by army's maneuver. (2)"The status of Forces Agreement between Japan and the U.S.". which includes various unequality between Japan and U.S. (3)The pollution and the destruction of environment brought about by bases. 2 4 1 (4)The reorganization of U.S. bases under a new international situation and the reinforcement of the base function.In the past, Okinawa expected the assistance of Japanese government to secure economic development. But now, Okinawa is seeking the development by self-reliance through locating herself in the international network of Asia.