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The Return, Transfer and Reutilization of the Military Bases and Okinawa Development

军事基地的归还、转移、再利用与冲绳的开发

基本信息

批准号：
12301011
负责人：
TAKAHASHI Akiyoshi
金额：
$ 14.14万
依托单位：
Tokyo International University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12301011/
关键词：
Problems of Military Bases The Return and Transfer of Military Bases SACO Status of Force Agreement between Japan and the U.S.Social Development of Okinawa Economic Independence of Okinawa Environmental Problems Jugon 沖縄米軍基地安保地域振

项目摘要

Okinawa holds 75% of all U.S. military bases in Japan. The movement demanding the restoration of land occupied by military bases to Okinawa arose spontaneously and violently from among the Okinawa people in the half of 1990s. In 1996 Japan-U.S. Special Action Committee on Okinawa (SACO) offered the report which promise the restoration of 11 base in 5~7 years. The Okinawa prefectural administration also accepted it However, the restoration of bases are under the condition that they are to transfer to other places of Okinawa. The movement against transfer of bases in the places where bases move has being obstacle to the transfer of bases. The restoration of bases are extremely delayed though it has gone by 8 years after SACO proposal.On the other hand, Japanese government has carried out various measures to achieve economic promotion of Okinawa where income of a person is 70% compared with the inland Japan. Special legislation for that was done. The base problems and the promotion plan became to be linked. Enormous amount of national capital was thrown to Okinawa. This contributed to make Okinawa public opinion against bases quiet.The most important obstacles of the implementation of SACO agreement are as follows. (1)Numerous American army's crimes and damage brought about by army's maneuver. (2)"The status of Forces Agreement between Japan and the U.S.". which includes various unequality between Japan and U.S. (3)The pollution and the destruction of environment brought about by bases. 2 4 1 (4)The reorganization of U.S. bases under a new international situation and the reinforcement of the base function.In the past, Okinawa expected the assistance of Japanese government to secure economic development. But now, Okinawa is seeking the development by self-reliance through locating herself in the international network of Asia.

冲绳拥有日本境内75%的美军基地。 20世纪90年代后半叶，冲绳民众自发而暴力地发起了要求归还冲绳军事基地占用土地的运动。 1996年日美冲绳特别行动委员会（SACO）提出报告，承诺在5~7年内恢复11个基地。冲绳县政府也接受了，但恢复基地的条件是转移到冲绳其他地方。基地搬迁地的反对搬迁运动已成为基地搬迁的障碍。尽管距离SACO提议已经过去了8年，但基地的恢复却极其拖延。另一方面，日本政府采取了各种措施来促进冲绳的经济发展，冲绳的人均收入是日本内陆的70%。为此制定了特别立法。基础问题和推广计划变得紧密相连。大量国家资本投入冲绳。这使得冲绳反对基地的舆论平静下来。SACO协议执行的最重要障碍如下。 (1)美军机动所造成的众多罪行和损害。 (2)《日美军事协定的现状》。其中包括日本和美国之间的各种不平等。（3）基地带来的环境污染和破坏。 2 4 1 (4)新国际形势下美军基地的重组和基地功能的强化。过去，冲绳希望得到日本政府的援助以确保经济发展。而现在，冲绳正在通过立足于亚洲的国际网络，谋求自力更生的发展。