Studies on speech perception by primates

灵长类动物言语感知的研究

• 批准号: 60510059
• 负责人: KOJIMA Shozo
• 金额: $ 0.64万
• 依托单位: Kyoto University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1985
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1985 至 1986
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-60510059/
• 关键词: Japanese monkey; chimpanzee; auditory sensitivity; speech perception; vowel perception; consonant perception; categorical perception; 音声言語の進化

Using a reaction time task, auditory sensitivity, 'loudness' and perception of speech sounds by Japanese macaques, chimpanzees and humans were studied. Auditory sensitivity and 'loudness' were measured using pure tones (62.5 - 32k Hz, -10 - 90 dB SPL). Based on reaction time data, equal loudness contours were obtained. Humans showed U-shaped curves and were most sensitive to 500-4k Hz tones. Chimpanzees showed W-shaped curves, which were similar to those of Old- and New-world monkeys. Chimanzees were sensitive to 1k and 8k Hz tones. However, a decrease in auditory sensitivity was observed at 2k-4k Hz.Then the discrimination of vowels was investigated. Natural and synthesized Japanese and French vowels were used. Longer reaction times were expected when members of a vowel pair were similar to each other. Reaction time data were analyzed by MDSCAL and cluster analyses. The main difference between chimpanzees and humans was that the reaction times for discriminating /i/ from /u/ and /e/ f … More rom /o/ were longer for chimpanzees. Thus, it is suggested that chimpanzees require longer reaction times for discrimination of vowels based on differenses in the frequency of the second formant. The species difference between humans and chimpanzees may be partially explained by the W-shaped chimpanzees' auditory sensitivity functions.Perception of consonant(mainly stops)+vowel(/a/) syllables was studied. Synthesized stop consonants with different values of voice onset time and 2nd and 3rd formant transient frequencies were also used for studying categorical perception of voicing (/ga/-/ka/) and place of articulation (/ba/-/da/) features. Following results were obtained. Although discrimination between voiced and unvoiced stops was easy, discrimination of stops based on the place of articulation was difficult for chimpanzees. Chimpanzees showed categorical discrimination of voicing and place features of stop consonants. The position of each boundary was not so different from that of humans. Less

通过一项反应时间任务，研究人员研究了日本猕猴、黑猩猩和人类的听觉敏感度、“响度”和对语音的感知。听觉灵敏度和“响度”使用纯音（62.5 - 32k Hz, -10 - 90db SPL）进行测量。根据反应时间数据，得到了相等的响度轮廓。人类呈现u型曲线，对500-4k赫兹的音调最为敏感。黑猩猩表现出w形曲线，这与旧世界和新世界猴子的曲线相似。黑猩猩对1k和8k赫兹的音调很敏感。然而，在2k-4k Hz时，听觉灵敏度下降。然后对元音的辨别进行了研究。使用了自然的和合成的日语和法语元音。当一个元音对的成员彼此相似时，预计反应时间会更长。反应时间数据采用MDSCAL和聚类分析进行分析。黑猩猩和人类的主要区别在于，黑猩猩区分/i/、/u/和/e/ f /的反应时间更长。因此，有人认为黑猩猩需要更长的反应时间来辨别元音，这是基于第二个构成音频率的不同。人类和黑猩猩之间的物种差异可以部分解释为w型黑猩猩的听觉敏感功能。对辅音（主要是顿音）+元音（/a/）音节的感知进行了研究。同时利用不同发声起始时间和第二、第三峰瞬态频率值的合成停止辅音，研究了发声（/ga/-/ka/）和发音位置（/ba/-/da/）的范畴感知特征。得到以下结果：尽管区分浊音和不浊音很容易，但黑猩猩很难根据发音的位置来区分浊音。黑猩猩对停止辅音的发音和位置特征表现出绝对的辨别能力。每个边界的位置与人类并没有太大的不同。少

项目成果

Kojima, Shozo: "Hearing, voice perception and vocal behavior in the chimpanzee." Transaction of the Committee on Speech Research, Acoust. Soc. Jpn.S85-88. 687-693 (1986)

小岛昭三：“黑猩猩的听力、声音感知和发声行为。”

小嶋祥三: 電子通信学会音声研究会資料. SP86-114. 53-59 (1987)

Shozo Kojima：IEICE 语音研究组材料 SP86-114（1987）。

小嶋祥三: 日本音響学会音声研究会資料. S85-88. 687-693 (1986)

Shozo Kojima：日本声学学会语音研究小组材料。S85-88（1986）。

Kojima, Shozo: "Perception of consonants by a chimpanzee." Transaction of the Committee on Speech Research, IECE. SP86-114. 53-59 (1987)

小岛翔三：“黑猩猩对辅音的感知。”

Kojima, Shozo: "Perception of vowels by chimpanzees and humans"

小岛昭三：“黑猩猩和人类对元音的感知”