Fine structures and biotechnological applications of viruses and plasmids in agrobiology

该项目旨在研究植物、昆虫、脊椎动物、真菌和细菌中重要病毒和质粒的超微结构和生物技术应用。(1)在负染标本和电镜切片上，分别观察了许多植物病毒的表面和胞内超微结构，这些病毒的形态有丝状、杆状、球形、双生和杆状。它们的物理化学和血清学特性的特点，在纯化的病毒制剂从受感染的植物。本文还对植物原生质体病毒基因的导入、单克隆抗体的制备以及某些病毒基因组的克隆测序进行了研究。类病毒是一种游离RNA的病原菌，主要在蔷薇科植物中筛选到。在梨、桃、玫瑰、苹果和康乃馨中检测到类病毒RNA.本文报道了22种和3种未报道的病毒和质粒样病毒的理化和分子特性 ...更多信息 e DNA，分别在植物病原真菌中检测到的，也进行了调查。(2)本文对家蚕和农业昆虫的核型多角体病毒、胞质多角体病毒、痘病毒、浓核病毒和传染性软化病病毒的超微结构和多肽、核酸等组成成分进行了分析。并对细胞培养体系的建立、抗病毒物质的筛选、抗病毒遗传学及野生昆虫的习惯寄主等方面进行了研究。(3)从细胞培养物和器官中纯化了猫、马、鸡中含有DNA或RNA的腺病毒、疱疹病毒、杯状病毒、prarmyxo病毒、冠状病毒。对这些病毒的超微结构、理化性质和抗原性进行了研究。还测试了检测和/或滴定的程序，以及它们的疫苗接种。(4)为了提高水稻根瘤根际固氮菌的固氮能力，对水稻根瘤根际固氮菌产酸克雷伯氏菌（Klebsiella oxytoca）的固氮基因进行了克隆、测序和改造。证明了枯草芽孢杆菌纤维素酶基因的碱基序列和性质，并与链霉菌纤维素酶进行了比较。利用重组酵母细胞表达毛霉凝乳酶的天冬氨酸蛋白酶基因。少

This projects have been organized to investigate the ultrastructures and biotechnological applications of important viruses and plasmids in plants, insects, vertibrates, fungi and bacteria. (1) The ultrastructures of surface and intracellular appearance of many plant viruses that have the filamentous, rod-shaped, spherical, geminate and bacilliform morphology were observed in negatively stained preparations and in ultrathin sections, respectively. Their physicochemical and serological properties were characerized in purified virus preparations from infected plants. It was also examined the introduction of virus genes for plant protoplasts, preparation of monoclonal antibodies, and cloning - sequencing of viral genomes in some viruses. Viroids, a pathogen of free-RNA, were screened mainly in Rosaceae. The viroid- like RNAs were detected in pear, peach, rose, apple, and also carnation. The physicochemical and molecular properties of 22 and 3 species of undescribed viruses and plasmid-lik … More e DNAs, respectively, detected in plant pathogenic fungi, were also investigated. (2) The ultrastructures and constituted components such as polypeptides and nucleic acids were analized on nuclear polyhedrosis, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis, pox, densonucleosis and infectious flacheria viruses in silkworm and agro-insects. It was also examined the establishment of cell culture systems, screening of antiviral substances, genetics of virus resistance and habitual host of wild insects. (3) Adeno, herpes, calici, prarmyxo, corona viruses containing DNA or RNA in caline, feline, horse, chicken, were purified from cell culturs and organs. The ultrastructures, physicochemical properties and antigenicity were examined in these viruses. It was also tested the procedures for detection and/or titration, and vaccination of them. (4) Nitrogen fixation genes of Klebsiella oxytoca, a important nitrogen fixation bacterium in rhizosphere of root nudules of rice plants, were cloned and sequenced, and also reconstructed for the improvement of their ability. Base sequence and properties of cellulase genes of Bacillus subtilis were proved, and these natures were compared with Streptomyces celulase. The aspartic protease gene of mucor rennin was expressed by recombinant yeast cells. Less