Fine structures and biotechnological applications of viruses and plasmids in agrobiology

这些项目旨在研究重要病毒和质粒在植物、昆虫、脊椎动物、真菌和细菌中的超微结构和生物技术应用。(1)在阴性染色和超薄切片上分别观察了丝状、杆状、球形、双形和芽孢杆菌状植物病毒的表面和细胞内超微结构。对其理化性质和血清学性质进行了鉴定。对植物原生质体中病毒基因的导入、单克隆抗体的制备以及部分病毒基因组的克隆测序进行了研究。类病毒是一种游离rna的病原菌，主要在蔷薇科中进行筛选。在梨、桃、玫瑰、苹果和康乃馨中均检测到类病毒rna。对22种未描述的病毒和3种未描述的质粒样dna的理化性质和分子性质进行了研究。(2)对家蚕和农用昆虫的核型多角体、细胞质型多角体、痘、致密核病和感染性flacheria病毒的超微结构和组成成分（如多肽和核酸）进行了分析。并对细胞培养体系的建立、抗病毒物质的筛选、病毒抗性遗传和野生昆虫惯常寄主进行了探讨。(3)从细胞培养物和器官中纯化了猫、猫、马、鸡的腺病毒、疱疹病毒、痘病毒、痘病毒、冠状病毒等含有DNA或RNA的病毒。研究了这些病毒的超微结构、理化性质和抗原性。它还测试了检测和/或滴定的程序，以及它们的疫苗接种。(4)克隆并测序了水稻根瘤根际重要固氮细菌氧化克雷伯菌（Klebsiella oxytoca）的固氮基因，并对其进行了重组，以提高其固氮能力。证实了枯草芽孢杆菌纤维素酶基因的碱基序列和性质，并与链霉菌纤维素酶进行了比较。用重组酵母细胞表达了毛霉肾素天冬氨酸蛋白酶基因。少

This projects have been organized to investigate the ultrastructures and biotechnological applications of important viruses and plasmids in plants, insects, vertibrates, fungi and bacteria. (1) The ultrastructures of surface and intracellular appearance of many plant viruses that have the filamentous, rod-shaped, spherical, geminate and bacilliform morphology were observed in negatively stained preparations and in ultrathin sections, respectively. Their physicochemical and serological properties were characerized in purified virus preparations from infected plants. It was also examined the introduction of virus genes for plant protoplasts, preparation of monoclonal antibodies, and cloning - sequencing of viral genomes in some viruses. Viroids, a pathogen of free-RNA, were screened mainly in Rosaceae. The viroid- like RNAs were detected in pear, peach, rose, apple, and also carnation. The physicochemical and molecular properties of 22 and 3 species of undescribed viruses and plasmid-lik … More e DNAs, respectively, detected in plant pathogenic fungi, were also investigated. (2) The ultrastructures and constituted components such as polypeptides and nucleic acids were analized on nuclear polyhedrosis, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis, pox, densonucleosis and infectious flacheria viruses in silkworm and agro-insects. It was also examined the establishment of cell culture systems, screening of antiviral substances, genetics of virus resistance and habitual host of wild insects. (3) Adeno, herpes, calici, prarmyxo, corona viruses containing DNA or RNA in caline, feline, horse, chicken, were purified from cell culturs and organs. The ultrastructures, physicochemical properties and antigenicity were examined in these viruses. It was also tested the procedures for detection and/or titration, and vaccination of them. (4) Nitrogen fixation genes of Klebsiella oxytoca, a important nitrogen fixation bacterium in rhizosphere of root nudules of rice plants, were cloned and sequenced, and also reconstructed for the improvement of their ability. Base sequence and properties of cellulase genes of Bacillus subtilis were proved, and these natures were compared with Streptomyces celulase. The aspartic protease gene of mucor rennin was expressed by recombinant yeast cells. Less