Fine structures and biotechnological applications of viruses and plasmids in agrobiology

这些项目是为了研究植物、昆虫、脊椎动物、真菌和细菌中重要病毒和质粒的超微结构和生物技术应用。(1)在负染切片和超薄切片中分别观察到许多植物病毒的表面和胞内超微结构，这些病毒具有丝状、杆状、球形、双胞形和杆状形态。从受感染植物中提取的病毒制剂中鉴定了它们的物理化学和血清学特性。还研究了植物原生质体中病毒基因的导入、单抗的制备以及病毒基因组在某些病毒中的克隆测序。类病毒是一种引起游离RNA的病原菌，主要在蔷薇科植物中发现。在梨、桃、玫瑰、苹果和康乃馨中都检测到了类病毒RNA。22种和3种未知病毒及类质粒…的理化和分子特性还对在植物病原真菌中分别检测到的更多e DNA进行了研究。(2)对家蚕和农用昆虫的核型多角体、细胞质多角体、痘、浓核病和传染性白僵病病毒的超微结构和组成成分进行了分析。还对细胞培养体系的建立、抗病毒物质的筛选、病毒抗性的遗传学和野生昆虫的习性寄主进行了研究。(3)从动物、猫、马、鸡的细胞培养和器官中提纯含有DNA或RNA的腺病毒、疱疹病毒、鸡冠状病毒、多发性粘液病毒、冠状病毒。对这些病毒的超微结构、理化特性和抗原性进行了检测。它还对检测和/或滴定以及接种疫苗的程序进行了测试。(4)对水稻根瘤根际重要固氮菌--催产克雷伯氏菌的固氮基因进行了克隆和测序，并对其进行了重组，以提高其固氮能力。证明了枯草芽孢杆菌纤维素酶基因的碱基序列和性质，并与链霉菌纤维素酶进行了比较。利用重组酵母细胞表达了肾毛霉天冬氨酸蛋白酶基因。较少

This projects have been organized to investigate the ultrastructures and biotechnological applications of important viruses and plasmids in plants, insects, vertibrates, fungi and bacteria. (1) The ultrastructures of surface and intracellular appearance of many plant viruses that have the filamentous, rod-shaped, spherical, geminate and bacilliform morphology were observed in negatively stained preparations and in ultrathin sections, respectively. Their physicochemical and serological properties were characerized in purified virus preparations from infected plants. It was also examined the introduction of virus genes for plant protoplasts, preparation of monoclonal antibodies, and cloning - sequencing of viral genomes in some viruses. Viroids, a pathogen of free-RNA, were screened mainly in Rosaceae. The viroid- like RNAs were detected in pear, peach, rose, apple, and also carnation. The physicochemical and molecular properties of 22 and 3 species of undescribed viruses and plasmid-lik … More e DNAs, respectively, detected in plant pathogenic fungi, were also investigated. (2) The ultrastructures and constituted components such as polypeptides and nucleic acids were analized on nuclear polyhedrosis, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis, pox, densonucleosis and infectious flacheria viruses in silkworm and agro-insects. It was also examined the establishment of cell culture systems, screening of antiviral substances, genetics of virus resistance and habitual host of wild insects. (3) Adeno, herpes, calici, prarmyxo, corona viruses containing DNA or RNA in caline, feline, horse, chicken, were purified from cell culturs and organs. The ultrastructures, physicochemical properties and antigenicity were examined in these viruses. It was also tested the procedures for detection and/or titration, and vaccination of them. (4) Nitrogen fixation genes of Klebsiella oxytoca, a important nitrogen fixation bacterium in rhizosphere of root nudules of rice plants, were cloned and sequenced, and also reconstructed for the improvement of their ability. Base sequence and properties of cellulase genes of Bacillus subtilis were proved, and these natures were compared with Streptomyces celulase. The aspartic protease gene of mucor rennin was expressed by recombinant yeast cells. Less