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Historical Research on Notions Pertinent to State and Law

国家与法律概念的历史研究

基本信息

批准号：
01301064
负责人：
ISHIKAWA Takeshi
金额：
$ 2.75万
依托单位：
Faculty of Law, Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1989 至 1991
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The following results have been obtained from our historical research on notions pertinent to state and law in Europe :I) The european law changed its character very much in the twelfth century. The law up to that time had been uncertain, contradictory and only a proposal, which had force only by the acceptance of its users. In that century an effort began to a certain, consistent and normative law through the papal legislation (legislative movement) and the legal science (learned law).II) The court of justice had a great importance in the law and constitution before modern times. The word "recht" meant principally a court of justice or judgment in the "Sachsenspiegel". The important political and legal acts were done in the form of judgment.III) The litigants played a much more important role in the judicial process until eighteenth century or so than in the modern legal process. The efficacy of judgement depended essentially on litigants' consent, therefore the border between judgement and compromise was not clear. On this point an analogy to the Japanese legal culture can be found, but the respect for the contest and the rational process for judgement or compromise make a difference.IV) The modern formally rational law can be considered as product of the effort written above in I). The compromise or the bergaining nevertheless has kept its significance. The contemporary law is respecting more and more the bargaining and consent of litigants. This movement should be considerpdin such historical context.

通过对欧洲国家与法律概念的历史考察，我们得出以下结论：（1）欧洲法律在世纪发生了很大的变化。到那时为止，法律是不确定的，矛盾的，只是一个建议，只有通过其使用者的接受才具有效力。在那个世纪，通过教皇立法（立法运动）和法律的科学（学术法），开始了一种寻求确定的、一致的、规范的法律的努力。“recht”一词在《萨克森镜报》中主要指法院或判决。重要的政治和法律的行为都是以判决的形式完成的。三、直到18世纪左右，诉讼当事人在司法程序中所起的作用比在现代法律的程序中所起的作用要重要得多。判决的效力主要取决于当事人的同意，因此判决与和解的界限并不明确。在这一点上，我们可以找到与日本法律的文化的相似之处，但对竞争的尊重和判断或妥协的理性过程却有所不同。IV）现代形式理性法可以被认为是上述努力的产物。然而，妥协或妥协仍然保持着它的意义。现代法律越来越尊重当事人的协商和合意。这场运动应该在这样的历史背景下展开。