Genetic and Biochemical Studies on Systematics and Biogeography of Japanese Tailed Amphibians

用电泳法研究了日本有尾两栖动物，包括拟尾两栖类小火蜥蜴、日本大火蜥蜴和蝾螈的代表种的遗传变异，结果表明：1)确定了火蜥属的独特属地位，而为迟滞而建立的Satobius属则归入了小眼属的异名；2)小口小蜥蜴被归入黑腹小蜥蜴的异名；3)两个形态上可区分的日本大鳗种群在遗传上没有明显的分化；4)日本鳗的种群在遗传上是同源的；5)来自冲绳的Andersonon Tylototriton Andersoni种群在遗传上与Amami Oshima和Tokunoshima种群存在差异；6)Pynoppyrrhogaster的东北小种与Anto小种遗传分化；7)来自香港的Params otriton在遗传上与Cynops相近，Echinotriton属是Tylototriton的同义词。这些结果表明，日本有尾两栖动物的不同谱系之间的遗传分化模式不同，并不总是与形态上的分化平行。然而，大多数日本尾巴成员在遗传上在当地种群中存在相当大的差异，这表明它们的历史悠久，每个物种的每个种群都需要保护。

Through the use of the electrophoretic method, genetic variation in represent atives of the Japanese tailed amphibians, including Hynobiid small salamanders, the Japanese giant salamander, and newts, was investigated, and the following results were obtained : 1) Distinct generic status of Salam andrella is ascertained, whereas the genus Satobius erected for retardatus is relegated to the syn onymy of Hynobius ; 2) Hynobius sadoensis is relegated to the synonymy of H. nigrescens ; 3) Two morphologically distinguishable poulations of H. retardatus form Obihiro, Hokkaido are genetically not markedly divergent ; 4) A population of Andrias japonicus is genetically homogeneous ; 5) Population from Tylototriton andersoni from Okinawa is genetically differentiated from those from Amami Oshima and Tokunoshima ; 6) The Tohoku-race of Cynops Pyrrhogaster is genetically divergent from the anto-race ; 7) Parames otriton from Hongkong is genetically close to Cynops, and the genus Echinotriton is synonymous with Tylototriton. These results indicate that the pattern of genetic differentiation differs among the various lineages of the Japanese tailed amphibians and is not always in parallel with the differentiation in morphology. However, majority of the Japanese tailed members are genetically fairly divergent among local populations, suggesting their long history, and conservation of each population of each species is strongly required.