Origin of Bornean amphibian diversity viewed from lentic breeders

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In order to clarify the origin of amphibian diversity in Borneo, lentic-breeding species from this island and adjacent regions were studied. Morphological, acoustic, and molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that the lentic-breeding amphibian fauna is much less diversified than the lotic-breeding one, probably because the paucity of suitable habitats on this island, which is covered by dense forests. Some rhacophorid and microhylid species are endemic to Borneo, and have their relatives from Sumatra to Java. They are thought to have very long histories on the island after their ancestors diverged on the continent and entered the island along with another route to Java. In order to fully understand formation history of amphibian fauna on Borneo requires further study in regions surrounding the island.