"FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF PREMOTOR CORTEX AND SUPPLEMENTARY MOTOR AREA IN MOTOR PROGRAMMING"

1)将日本猕猴运动前皮层（PM）和辅助运动区（SMA）的集合相关活动分为三类：(1)选择性响应方向信息的活动；(2)选择性响应幅度信息的活动；(3)同时呈现方向和幅度信息的活动最明显。在PM和SMA记录的具有集合相关活动的神经元中，第三种模式的神经元占绝大多数。这些观察结果支持了一种假设，即PM和SMA集相关的活动通过提供可用于较低运动中枢的综合运动参数，有助于准备即将到来的运动。2)用辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）或小麦胚芽凝集素偶联HRP （WGA-HRP）注射猴，研究了PM和SMA的皮质-皮质输入-输出组织。在心肌梗死注射HRP后，发现HRP标记的神经元主要集中在紧靠中央前上沟（SPS）的PM，在那里具有集相关活性的神经元密集分布。因此，我们认为运动程序作为集合相关的活动在PM中被传递到MI，被认为是大脑皮层运动命令的最终共同途径。在SMA、星状后皮层、扣带皮层和5区也发现了HRP标记的神经元。当将WGA-HRP注射到紧侧SPS皮层时，标记的神经元出现在SMA、MI、扣带皮层和5区受限区域。相反，当在星状后皮层注射WGA-HRP时，在SMA、MI、扣带皮层、5区和7b区发现标记神经元。因此，考虑到集合相关神经元的位置和PM内不同的输入输出组织，我们推测PM至少可以分为两个部分，一个在SPS周围区域，另一个在星状皮层后。

1) Set-related activity in the premotor cortex (PM) and supplementary motor area (SMA) of Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) was classified into three categories: (1) activity selectively responding to the direction IS, (2) activity selectively responding to the amplitude IS, and (3) activity most apparent after both IS were presented, reflecting both direction and amplitude. Among neurons with set-related activity recorded in PM and SMA, neurons with the third pattern constituted the vast majority. Those observations support the hypothesis that PM and SMA set-related activity contributes to the preparation of the forthcoming movements by providing integrated movement parameters which can be utilized in lower motor centers.2) The corticocortical input-output organization of PM and SMA was studied by either horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or wheat germ agglutinin conjugated HRP (WGA-HRP) injection in monkeys. When HRP was injected in MI, the HRP labeled neurons were found especially in PM immediately lateral to the superior precentral sulcus (SPS) where neurons with set-related activity were densely located. Thus, it was suggested that motor program as set-related activity in PM is transmitted to MI considered as a final common pathway of motor command from cerebral cortex. HRP labeled neurons were also found in SMA, postarcuate cortex, cingulate cortex, and area 5. When WGA-HRP was injected in the cortex immediately lateral to SPS, the labeled neurons were found in restricted regions of SMA, MI, cingulate cortex, and area 5. In contrast, when WGA-HRP was injected in the postarcuate cortex, labeled neurons were found in SMA, MI, cingulate cortex, area 5, and area 7b. Thus, considering the location of set-related neurons and different input-output organizations within PM, it was speculated that PM can be divided into at least two parts, one in the region around SPS and the other in the postarcuate cortex.