"FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF PREMOTOR CORTEX AND SUPPLEMENTARY MOTOR AREA IN MOTOR PROGRAMMING"

1)日本猕猴（Macaca fuscata）运动前区（PM）和辅助运动区（SMA）的集合相关活动分为三类：（1）选择性地响应于方向IS的活动;（2）选择性地响应于幅度IS的活动;在PM和SMA记录的与集合相关活动的神经元中，第三种模式的神经元占绝大多数。这些观察结果支持了这一假设，即PM和SMA集合相关的活动有助于准备即将到来的运动，通过提供整合的运动参数，可以利用在较低的运动中心。2）在猴中，无论是辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）或麦胚凝集素结合HRP（WGA-HRP）的皮质皮层的输入-输出组织研究PM和SMA。在MI区注射HRP后，HRP标记神经元主要出现在紧邻上级中央前沟（SPS）外侧的PM内，具有集合相关活动的神经元密集。因此，这表明，运动程序作为设置相关的活动在PM被传递到MI被认为是最后的共同途径的运动命令从大脑皮层。HRP标记的神经元也发现在SMA，postarcuate皮质，扣带回皮质，和5区。当WGA-HRP注射在皮质直接侧SPS，标记的神经元被发现在SMA，MI，扣带回皮质和5区的限制性区域。相反，当将WGA-HRP注射到星后皮质时，在SMA、MI、扣带回皮质、5区和7 b区发现标记神经元。因此，考虑到PM内集合相关神经元的位置和不同的输入输出组织，推测PM至少可以分为两部分，一部分在SPS周围区域，另一部分在postarcuate皮层。

1) Set-related activity in the premotor cortex (PM) and supplementary motor area (SMA) of Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) was classified into three categories: (1) activity selectively responding to the direction IS, (2) activity selectively responding to the amplitude IS, and (3) activity most apparent after both IS were presented, reflecting both direction and amplitude. Among neurons with set-related activity recorded in PM and SMA, neurons with the third pattern constituted the vast majority. Those observations support the hypothesis that PM and SMA set-related activity contributes to the preparation of the forthcoming movements by providing integrated movement parameters which can be utilized in lower motor centers.2) The corticocortical input-output organization of PM and SMA was studied by either horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or wheat germ agglutinin conjugated HRP (WGA-HRP) injection in monkeys. When HRP was injected in MI, the HRP labeled neurons were found especially in PM immediately lateral to the superior precentral sulcus (SPS) where neurons with set-related activity were densely located. Thus, it was suggested that motor program as set-related activity in PM is transmitted to MI considered as a final common pathway of motor command from cerebral cortex. HRP labeled neurons were also found in SMA, postarcuate cortex, cingulate cortex, and area 5. When WGA-HRP was injected in the cortex immediately lateral to SPS, the labeled neurons were found in restricted regions of SMA, MI, cingulate cortex, and area 5. In contrast, when WGA-HRP was injected in the postarcuate cortex, labeled neurons were found in SMA, MI, cingulate cortex, area 5, and area 7b. Thus, considering the location of set-related neurons and different input-output organizations within PM, it was speculated that PM can be divided into at least two parts, one in the region around SPS and the other in the postarcuate cortex.