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Molecular population genetical studies of evolution.

进化的分子群体遗传学研究。

基本信息

批准号：
02304001
负责人：
YAMAZAKI Tsuneyuki
金额：
$ 15.87万
依托单位：
KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Recent progress in molecular biology has brought a large impact on the study of evolution. In the present project, we investigated the amount of polymorphisms and structures and changes of genes at the molecular level using Drosophila (Yamazaki,Tobari,Ishiwa,Kusakabe and Takano) and wild plants (Miyashita) as model organisms. These studies have revealed various aspects of molecular evolution. As many previous studies had shown, most molecular data are compatible with the neutral theory of molecular evolution proposed by Kimura in 1968 which states that most gene substitutions at the molecular level are due to random fixations of selectively neutral mutations. However, by selecting genes, period (behavior) and amylase (inducible), which are directly involved in organismal response to the environments, we obtained experimental evidences of adaptive amino acid substitutions especially during speciation. Also Hiroyoshi found interesting phenomena in his study on sex determination factors i … More n house flies and now molecular approaches to clarify this phenomena are in progress. Harada estimated the spontaneous mutation rate of isozyme loci, which is a very important parameter in the study of evolution, to be 7 x 10^<-7> per generation.As to theoretical studies, much progress was made in the development of the neutral theory (Kimura,Ohta,Tajima,Tachida and Iizuka), the methodology of constructing phylogeny (Tajima), evolutionary theories of multigene families and repeated sequences (Ohta and Tachida) and studies on the maintenance mechanisms of polymorphisms (Takahata). In our project, we attempted to understand the molecular mechanisms of adaptive evolution combining theoretical and experimental approaches. Our findings are considered to be landmarks to this new area of molecular evolution which investigates the interrelationships between the phenotypic evolution and the molecular evolution. We now believe that the unified understanding of evolution at both (molecular and phenotypic) levels is within our reach. Less

分子生物学的最新进展给进化研究带来了巨大的冲击。本课题以果蝇（山崎、鸟部、石和、草部、高野）和野生植物（宫下）为模式生物，在分子水平上研究了多态性的数量、基因的结构和变化。这些研究揭示了分子进化的各个方面。正如许多先前的研究表明，大多数分子数据与Kimura在1968年提出的分子进化中性理论相一致，该理论指出，分子水平上的大多数基因替换是由于选择性中性突变的随机固定。然而，通过选择基因，周期（行为）和淀粉酶（诱导），这是直接参与生物体对环境的反应，我们获得了适应性氨基酸取代的实验证据，特别是在物种形成。在他对性别决定因素的研究中也发现了有趣的现象， ...更多信息现在，用分子方法来阐明这一现象正在进行中。在<-7>理论研究方面，中性理论的发展（木村、太田、田岛、立田、饭冢）、多基因组的构建方法（田岛）、多基因家族和重复序列的进化理论（太田、立田）、多态性维持机制的研究（高）等都取得了很大进展。在我们的项目中，我们试图了解适应性进化的分子机制结合理论和实验方法。我们的研究结果被认为是这一新的分子进化领域的里程碑，研究表型进化和分子进化之间的相互关系。我们现在相信，在两个（分子和表型）水平上对进化的统一理解是我们力所能及的。少