Anatomical and physiological characteristics of the peripheral vestibular endorgan, vestibular nucleus and vestibulo-cerebellum

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1. In vestibular system, little is known of the functional significance of Substance P (SP). In this study, the expression of mRNA encoding Neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) as a receptor of SP was examined in rat inner ear using RT-PCR method. NK1R mRNA was observed in both cochlear tissue and vestibular one.2. Spontaneous nystagmus was examined in patients with lateral medullary infarct syndrome. It is suspected that torsional eye movements in this syndrome may originate not in ventral but in rostral and dorsal lesions of the medulla, including the vestibular nucleus, which is related to torsional and vertical eye movements.3. The new etiology of the downbeat nystagmus was clarified. The presented case shows clear evidence of downbeat nystagmus arising from compression of vertebral arteries to the medulla oblongata. Surgical neurovascular decompression reveres the progression of symptoms.4. The phenomenon appeared to be part of the "vestibular agnosia" did not cause by a lesion of the vestibular nucleus and/or vestibular endorgans.