The study of a relationship between innate immunity and child recurrent infection in upper respiratory airway

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The inflammatory mediators are intimately involved in the inflammatory cascade occurring in the upper air way and middle ear. Recent evidence reveals that innate immunity has an important role to play in the initial defense mechanisms. The innate immune system identifies bacteria by means of a pattern-recognition receptor. Mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are considered to be key receptors in this system. Stimulation of target cells with bacterial component results in a TLR-dependent the activation of NF kappa B leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, the production of cytokines, induced by representative pathogens and their components, was studied using not only animal model but also effector cell lines. The relationship between pathogens and TLR2 was also elucidated. Moreover, we referred to a new species of middle ear pathogen, Alloiococcus otitidis.