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Social-Psychological Study on Dispute Resolution and Procedural Justice

纠纷解决与程序正义的社会心理学研究

基本信息

批准号：
03620001
负责人：
MATSUMURA Yoshiyuki
金额：
$ 1.02万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03620001/
关键词：
Procedural Justice Fairness of Procedure Psychology of Justice Psychology and the Law Equity Theory Adversary System

项目摘要

Many social-psychological studies on procedural justice with regard to dispute resolution have been conducted in the United States.They demonstrated repeatedly that the adversary system was clearly preferred.Since the latter part of the 1970's, research settings have been extended from the area of lawsuit or dispute resolution to other decision making process within social organizations.However,little has been done up to now to extend these studies cross-culturally.I conducted two scenario experiments using Japanese subject based on Leung and Lind's study.The number of subjects in each experiment was around 160, and they were divided into four or five experimental groups and a control group.Data were analyzed using variance analysis(ANOVA etc.).On one hand,subjects highly evaluate the adversary system.On the other hand,they did not the rate of fairness(fairness of procedure and fairness of outcome) of the adversary system higher than that of the inquisitorial system.It means that Japanese people do not prefer the adversary system when it is characterized as confrontation.Japanese subjects appear uncomfortable with presenting their views in a confrontation with the opposing party.Finally,the fundamental meaning and the definition of process control,a key concept in study of the procedural justice,seems to be different between American and Japanese subjects.The Japanese conception of process control seems to be (1) not distinguished from decision control,and (2) defensive rather than positive.Japanese notion of process control is not a sense of "voice"or"opportunity to present their views".

美国已经进行了许多关于争议解决程序正义的社会心理学研究。它们反复证明了对手制显然是首选。自 20 世纪 70 年代后期以来，研究背景已从诉讼或争议解决领域扩展到社会组织内的其他决策过程。然而，到目前为止，很少有人将这些研究扩展到跨文化。我使用日本主题进行了两个情景实验 Leung和Lind的研究中，每个实验的受试者人数在160人左右，分为四到五个实验组和一个对照组，采用方差分析（ANOVA等）对数据进行分析。一方面，受试者对对抗制的评价很高，另一方面，他们并不认为对抗制的公平率（程序的公平性和结果的公平性）高于询问式制。意味着日本人不喜欢对抗性制度。日本主体在与对方的对抗中表达自己的观点时显得不舒服。最后，程序正义研究中的一个关键概念“过程控制”的基本含义和定义在美国和日本主体之间似乎有所不同。日本人对过程控制的概念似乎是（1）与决策控制没有区别，（2）防御性而非防御性。日本的过程控制概念并不是一种“声音”或“表达观点的机会”。