Social-Psychological Study on Dispute Resolution and Procedural Justice

在美国已经进行了许多关于争端解决方面的程序正义的社会心理学研究。他们一再表明，显然更倾向于对抗制。自20世纪70年代后期以来，研究范围已从诉讼或纠纷解决领域扩展到社会组织内部的其他决策过程。然而，到目前为止，将这些研究扩展到跨文化的研究还很少。在Leung和Lind的研究基础上，我用日语主题做了两个场景实验。每次实验的被试人数在160人左右，分为四到五个实验组和一个对照组。数据分析采用方差分析（ANOVA等）。一方面，实验对象高度评价对手系统。另一方面，他们没有发现对抗制的公平性（程序的公平性和结果的公平性）高于讯问制。这意味着，日本人不喜欢以对抗为特征的对抗制。日本民众似乎不太愿意在与反对党的对抗中表达自己的观点。最后，作为程序正义研究的一个关键概念，过程控制的基本含义和定义在美国和日本的学科中似乎有所不同。日本的过程控制概念似乎(1)与决策控制没有区别，(2)是防御性的，而不是积极的。日本人对过程控制的概念并不是一种“声音”或“表达自己观点的机会”。

Many social-psychological studies on procedural justice with regard to dispute resolution have been conducted in the United States.They demonstrated repeatedly that the adversary system was clearly preferred.Since the latter part of the 1970's, research settings have been extended from the area of lawsuit or dispute resolution to other decision making process within social organizations.However,little has been done up to now to extend these studies cross-culturally.I conducted two scenario experiments using Japanese subject based on Leung and Lind's study.The number of subjects in each experiment was around 160, and they were divided into four or five experimental groups and a control group.Data were analyzed using variance analysis(ANOVA etc.).On one hand,subjects highly evaluate the adversary system.On the other hand,they did not the rate of fairness(fairness of procedure and fairness of outcome) of the adversary system higher than that of the inquisitorial system.It means that Japanese people do not prefer the adversary system when it is characterized as confrontation.Japanese subjects appear uncomfortable with presenting their views in a confrontation with the opposing party.Finally,the fundamental meaning and the definition of process control,a key concept in study of the procedural justice,seems to be different between American and Japanese subjects.The Japanese conception of process control seems to be (1) not distinguished from decision control,and (2) defensive rather than positive.Japanese notion of process control is not a sense of "voice"or"opportunity to present their views".