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Retributive Justice Meets Restorative Justice : Interdisciplinary Approach towards Criminal Justice and Theory of Justice Compounded

报应性司法遇上恢复性司法：刑事司法和司法理论的跨学科方法

基本信息

批准号：
15330001
负责人：
MATSUMURA Yoshiyuki
金额：
$ 2.88万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We investigated what was punitive motive, and how it was related to justice motive in general in terms of psychology of justice. Based on the questionnaire survey to the public, Japanese people's motive of penalty is not differentiated to control of behavior (prevention) and retribution, but is differentiated to public punitiveness (usually conducted by the power of the nation) and private punitiveness. Therefore, motive of private penalty, which might include toleration, can be conceptualized with regard to restorative justice. This subject can be investigated in terms of victimology. In terms of victimology, one problem is how the criminal and the victims are integrated in their community. Another problem is how criminal justice system is constructed in order that victims may take part in the criminal justice procedure.In order to span the split between psychology and theory of criminal law, theory of penalty on criminal law is evaluated in terms of psychology of justice. Based on psychological findings, criminal penalty as retribution is not metaphysics but is inevitably annexed to society. Retributive penalty theory in criminal law explains the nature of penalty in the terms of law, and does not explain it in terms of psychology. Therefore, retributive penalty in criminal law theory and the psychology of retributive justice should be integrated. It suggests the similarity between so-called "positive general prevention theory" in criminal law and retribution explained by psychology of retributive justice. It is significant that both ideas deal with the meaning of penalty in society itself. In term of social psychology, criminal penalty means the confirmation of the social value which was damaged by the crime, and the recovery of the victim's social status in society. Considering the latter, neither severe penalty nor more ritualistic penalty is relevant. Victim's participation in the criminal justice procedure is important.

我们从正义心理学的角度探讨了什么是惩罚性动机，以及惩罚性动机与一般正义动机的关系。根据对公众的问卷调查，日本人的惩罚动机不分行为控制（预防）和报应，而分为公共惩罚性（通常由国家力量实施）和私人惩罚性。因此，私人惩罚的动机，其中可能包括容忍，可以从恢复性司法的角度加以概念化。可以从受害者学的角度对这一问题进行调查。在受害者学方面，一个问题是罪犯和受害者如何融入他们的社区。另一个问题是如何构建刑事司法制度，使被害人能够参与刑事司法程序，为了跨越心理学与刑法理论的分裂，刑法刑罚理论从司法心理学的角度进行评价。基于心理学的研究发现，刑罚作为报应不是形而上学，而是社会的必然附合。刑法中的报应刑理论是从法律的角度来解释刑罚的本质，而不是从心理学的角度来解释刑罚的本质。因此，刑法学中的报应刑理论与报应正义心理学应该融合起来。这表明刑法中所谓的“积极一般预防理论”与报应正义心理学所解释的报应有相似之处。重要的是，这两种思想都涉及到社会本身的惩罚意义。从社会心理学的角度看，刑罚是对犯罪所破坏的社会价值的确认，是对被害人社会地位的恢复。考虑到后者，无论是严厉的惩罚还是更仪式化的惩罚都是不相关的。受害者参与刑事司法程序很重要。