Collboraitive Research on Improving Teacher Education and Inservice Training of Special Education in Japan, Europe and North America

这项科研助学金是由日本、意大利、瑞典和美国的研究人员进行的，是对特殊教育教师的教师教育制度的比较研究，涉及教师教育的认证制度、在职培训课程、课程和实践。与其他教育活动一样，教师教育制度是以特殊教育制度为基础的，特殊教育制度受到各国文化背景、教育制度和残疾观点的影响。相关国家的教师教育制度存在差异。一个国家的教师教育体系是高中阶段的小学教师，而不是大学阶段的教师。有些国家把它设在研究生阶段。总体上可以说，教师教育的发展趋势是从以理论和医学为导向的知识向更多的实践性知识转变，不仅关注残疾儿童的残疾，而且关注复杂的学习情境，这是残疾儿童与非残疾儿童腐败的教学方法。日本和有关国家的研究人员访问了各国的特殊教育实践，并调查了开展教师教育或特殊教育教师培训的大学、学院和教育中心的课程和体系。举办了小型研讨会和专题讨论会，讨论每个国家的教师教育问题和观点。最后，在国立特殊教育研究所举行了国际研讨会，不仅与有关国家，而且还与亚洲和太平洋地区的国家。这一国际联合项目的成果以英语和日语编写的报告的形式发表，并分发给有关国家。

This grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research was conducted by researchers in Japan, Italy, Sweden and USA.It was the comparative study on the system of teacher education of Special Educational Teacher, involving with certificationsystem, course of in-service training, curriculum and practice of teacher education. Like other educational activities, the system of teacher education is based on the special education system which is under the influence of cultural background, educational system and perspective of disability in each country. There was the difference of teacher education system among relevant countries. One country has the teacher education system of Primary Education Teacher in the Upper Secondary Education level not in University Education level. Some country has it in the Post Graduate level. There was the difference among countries.Generally it can be said that trends of teacher education is moving from theoretical and medical oriented knowledge to much more practical knowledge, focussing nor only on the disability of the disabled children but also complicated learning situation which is teaching methodology for the corruption between disabled children and non-disabled children.The researchers of Japan and relevant foreign countries visited to see the practice of special education in each country and investigated the curriculum and system of universities, colleges and educational centers where conducted teacher education or training of special educational teacher. Small seminars and symposiums were held to discuss issues and perspective of teacher education in each country. Finally international symposium was held in the National Institute of Special Education not only with relevant countries but also countries in Asia and the Pacific area.Fruitful outputs of this international joint project was published as a report which was written in English and Japanese and distributed to relevant countries.