Social Stratification and Groups/Organizations in the Modern City

在资本主义制度下，以立方尺度的观念在有限的土地上创造更多的土地是供给城市土地使用权的正确途径。新创造的土地是这样被商业化的：通过立方措施创造的土地的所有权可以作为房地产转让，因此土地形成了“商业化空间”。此外，由于它可以被随意视为建设用地，“商业化空间”将成为城市开发产业的基础设施。从“现代土地权属”和“现代公共社会”的社会范畴的“再调整”来看，基本上是“现代城市开发/再开发”这一公共政策能够将有限的土地或具有稀缺性价值的城市土地权属商业化。只有以“现代城市发展”为公共政策，以其所涉及的“公共社会”为标准，才能将“私有土地所有制”从平面形态中解放出来，赋予其立体形态。而立方尺度创造的土地通过所有权的合法转移获得了“商品”的地位。这意味着在“以货币为媒介的经济体制”中，土地被纳入“市场理论”。（哈贝马斯）“土地保有制”或“作为生活手段的土地保有制”（渡边洋三）被“经济体系对生活空间的殖民化”所侵蚀，通过国家或地方官僚机构的城市开发/再开发等“公共政策”。因此，对于公民来说，拥有土地意味着他们必须从生活的角度捍卫“土地私有制”范式，这与“土地商品化”的理念背道而驰，或者从“生活理论”的角度批判性地重建新的“土地私有制”，从而设计范式的转移。

Under the capitalism, the proper way to supply the land tenure of the city is to create more land above the limited land by the idea of cubic measure. Newly created land is commercialized in this way : the ownership of land created by the cubic measure can be transfered as real estate, so the land forms "commercialized space." Furthermore, as it can be seen as the land for construction at discretion, the "commercialized space" would become the infrastructure for the city development industry. Considering "re-ajusting" of social category concerning the "modern land tenure" and the "modern public society, " basically it is the "modern city development/redevelopment" as the public policy that can commercialize the limited land or the land tenure of the city which has scarcity value. Only based on the "modern city development" as the public policy and the criterion for the "public society" which is involved in it, the "private land tenure" is released from the plane form and is given the cubic form. And the land created by the cubic measure acquires the position of "commodity" through the legal transfer of the ownership. It means that the land is put into "theory of market" in the "economic system where currency serves as a medium." (J.Habermas) "Land tenure, " or the "land tenure as a means of living" (Yozo Watanabe) is eroded by "colonization of life space by the economic system" through the "public policy" like the city development/redevelopment by the state or the local bureaucracy. Thus, for the citizens, possessing land means they have to defend by themselves the paradigm of "private land tenure" from the aspect of living, which goes against the idea of "commercialization of land, " or design for the transfer of paradigm by critically re-constructing new "private land tenure" from the aspect of "theory of life."