Social Stratification and Groups/Organizations in the Modern City

现代城市中的社会分层和群体/组织

• 批准号: 04401006
• 负责人: NITAGAI Kamon
• 金额: $ 7.36万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1992 至 1994
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04401006/
• 关键词: Social Stratification; Land Tenure; Public Society; Social Groups; Organizations; Theory of Life; Municipality; Centralization; Tokyo; 公共政策; 産業構造のリストラクチュアリング

Under the capitalism, the proper way to supply the land tenure of the city is to create more land above the limited land by the idea of cubic measure. Newly created land is commercialized in this way : the ownership of land created by the cubic measure can be transfered as real estate, so the land forms "commercialized space." Furthermore, as it can be seen as the land for construction at discretion, the "commercialized space" would become the infrastructure for the city development industry. Considering "re-ajusting" of social category concerning the "modern land tenure" and the "modern public society, " basically it is the "modern city development/redevelopment" as the public policy that can commercialize the limited land or the land tenure of the city which has scarcity value. Only based on the "modern city development" as the public policy and the criterion for the "public society" which is involved in it, the "private land tenure" is released from the plane form and is given the cubic form. And the land created by the cubic measure acquires the position of "commodity" through the legal transfer of the ownership. It means that the land is put into "theory of market" in the "economic system where currency serves as a medium." (J.Habermas) "Land tenure, " or the "land tenure as a means of living" (Yozo Watanabe) is eroded by "colonization of life space by the economic system" through the "public policy" like the city development/redevelopment by the state or the local bureaucracy. Thus, for the citizens, possessing land means they have to defend by themselves the paradigm of "private land tenure" from the aspect of living, which goes against the idea of "commercialization of land, " or design for the transfer of paradigm by critically re-constructing new "private land tenure" from the aspect of "theory of life."

在资本主义条件下，城市土地供给的正确途径是在有限的土地上，以量力而行的思想创造更多的土地。新生成的土地是以这样的方式商品化的：以立方为单位生成的土地所有权可以作为真实的地产进行转让，从而形成“商品化空间”。此外，由于它可以被视为自由裁量的建设用地，“商业化空间”将成为城市发展产业的基础设施。从“现代土地所有权”和“现代公共社会“的社会范畴的“再调整”来看，基本上是作为公共政策的“现代城市开发/再开发”，将有限的土地或具有稀缺价值的城市土地所有权商品化。只有以“现代城市发展”为公共政策，以参与其中的“公共社会”为标准，“土地私有制”才从平面形态中解放出来，被赋予立体形态。而由立方量生成的土地通过所有权的法律的转移而获得了“商品”的地位。这意味着在“以货币为中介的经济体系”中，土地被纳入“市场理论”。（J·哈贝马斯）“土地保有权“或“作为生活手段的土地保有权”（渡边洋三）通过国家或地方官僚的城市开发/再开发等“公共政策”，被“经济制度对生活空间的殖民化”所侵蚀。因此，对公民而言，拥有土地意味着他们必须从生活的层面上捍卫“土地私有制”范式，这与“土地商品化“的理念相悖，或者从“生活理论”的层面上批判性地重构新的“土地私有制”，为范式的转换进行设计。"