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Regeneration of the Environment and Economy in Kazakhstan

哈萨克斯坦环境和经济的复兴

基本信息

批准号：
05044019
负责人：
TSUKATANI Tsuneo
金额：
$ 26.88万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05044019/
关键词：
Central Asia Kazakhstan Aral Sea Nuclear Test Semipalatinsk Irrigation Planned Economy Market Economy Environment 潅漑

项目摘要

1.A new approach to the development of mathematical models was provided for various processes involved in the air pollution problem from the view point of general requirement of Geographic Information System of ecological monitoring in Kazakhstan. The approach is based on the concept of simplicity principle that is a consequence of Slaving PrincIple of synergetics allowing an enormous reduction of the degree of freedom due to inherent temporal hierarchies of the nonequilibrium environmental systems.2.Much epidemiological information were obtained on the Aral Sea problem and on the Semipalatinsk nuclear test aftermath. It was found that the harmful arid zone factors around the Aral Sea and along the Syrdarya river from the immune homeostasis disinhibition and immune pathological reactions development. These regions have a high endemic in virus hepatitis B,where population infection composes 32.7% and chronic carriage HBs Ag reaches 19.1%. In some district of Semipalatinsk region where people got from 50 to 200 rad of total radiation dose, the immunology congenital anomalies, cardio-vascular, infectious diseases, etc.3.We made an effort supported by Kazakh National Nuclear Center to survey residual radioactivity in the soil sampled at Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site and at off-site area. Soil was sampled at the epicenter where the first Soviet nuclear explosion was tested in 1949, and at the bank of the crater that was formed by the underground nuclear detonation on 15 January 1965. For comparison, other soil was also sampled in the cities of Kurchatov and Almaty. The obtained data set allows a preliminary evaluation of the contemporary radioactive contamination of the land in and around the test site. In the first nuclear explosion site and Balapan, a high level of ^<239,240Pu> with weapon-grade Pu without fission was detected.

1.从哈萨克斯坦生态监测地理信息系统的总体要求出发，为大气污染问题涉及的各种过程提供了一种新的数学模型开发方法。该方法基于简单性原则的概念，这是协同学的奴役原则的结果，由于非平衡环境系统固有的时间等级，使得自由度大大减少。2.关于咸海问题和塞米巴拉金斯克核试验的后果，获得了许多流行病学信息。从免疫动态平衡、去抑制和免疫病理反应的发展等方面发现咸海沿岸和锡尔达里亚河沿岸的有害干旱区因子。这些地区是乙型病毒性肝炎的高发区，人群感染占32.7%，慢性携带HBs Ag占19.1%。在塞米巴拉金斯克地区一些地区，人们受到的总辐射剂量为50~200rad，免疫学指标包括先天性异常、心血管疾病、传染病等。3.我们在哈萨克斯坦国家核中心的支持下，对塞米巴拉金斯克核试验场和场外土壤中的残留放射性进行了调查。在1949年苏联第一次核爆炸试验的震中和1965年1月15日地下核爆炸形成的火山口岸边采集了土壤样本。为了进行比较，库尔恰托夫和阿拉木图的其他土壤也进行了采样。获得的数据集允许对试验场内和周围土地的当代放射性污染进行初步评估。在第一个核爆炸场地和巴拉潘，检测到高水平的239,240钚和未裂变的武器级钚。