Environment of the Aral and Caspian Seas and Desertification

咸海和里海的环境与荒漠化

• 批准号: 09044028
• 负责人: TSUKATANI Tsuneo
• 金额: $ 21.31万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A).
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09044028/
• 关键词: URAN MINES; ARAL SEA; DESERTIFICATION; SYRDARYA; FERGANA; KYZYLKUM; TRANSITION ECONOMY; HALOPHYTE; 砂漠植物; カスピ海; 乾燥地医学

The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual condition of environmental damage in two regions : upriver part of Aral Sea Basin and east coast of Caspian Sea. The 1999 fiscal year was a summary stage of thestudy, and the followings were studied.Integrated study of water quality and soil environment of Syrdarya upriver region : The material that had been kept secret until now was collected and analyzed. Then we dispatched expedition team two times to collect environmental samples. As a result of the exact chemical analysis, it became clear that the pollution is serious caused by the uranium tailings that was developed in the cold war age.Integrated study of water quality and soil environment of Zerafshan basin : Two field expeditions were carried out in summer of 1999 and spring of 2000. Heavy metal analysis was carried out in Japan after the expedition. The relationship was guessed between Zerafshans' water quality and ancient cities like Samarkand or Bukhara. The following were c … More larified : Effect of the mines in the upper region of Zerafshan basin, irrigation and mining industry in the lower reaches.Morphological study of Karakum desert plants. The structure of desert plant was analyzed using the electron microscope in the form. Structure was analyzed of generation and growth of the root cell for multiple kind. Heavy metals were also analyzed for these plants.Optimum management model for the water resource of Central Asia : GIS "ARAL" was proposed for Aral Sea basin. Dividing the basin into several zones, the basic model shows optimum activities of the whole basin where it considers water resources, land use, water management and economic growth in each zone.Adaptation of the evolutionary economic model to the Central Asian economy : The concept of evolutionary economical selection was reexamined in the technological innovation. Nonequivalent economic process was recognized using the evolution theory for the former Soviet countries such as Kazakhstan. Especially, the theory of the entrepreneurship was developed from the viewpoint of general evolution. The small enterprises in Kazakhstan were analyzed to present enterprise promotion policy by the evolutionary approach. Less

这项研究的目的是弄清咸海盆地上游和里海东岸两个地区的环境破坏实际情况。1999财年是本次研究的总结阶段，主要进行了以下几个方面的研究。锡尔达里亚上游地区水质与土壤环境综合研究：对此前保密的资料进行收集和分析。然后我们两次派出考察队采集环境样品。准确的化学分析结果表明，冷战时期开发的铀尾矿造成了严重的污染。泽拉夫山盆地水质与土壤环境综合研究：1999年夏和2000年春进行了两次野外考察。探险结束后，日本进行了重金属分析。人们猜测泽拉夫山的水质与撒马尔罕或布哈拉等古城之间的关系。以下是c…更明显的是：泽拉夫山盆地上游地区的矿山效应，下游地区的灌溉和采矿工业。喀喇昆仑沙漠植物的形态研究。用电子显微镜对荒漠植物的结构进行了分析。分析了不同种类根细胞的发生和生长结构。对这些植物的重金属含量进行了分析。针对咸海流域，提出了中亚水资源的优化管理模式：地理信息系统“咸海”。将流域划分为多个区域，基本模型显示了整个流域的最优活动，其中考虑了每个区域的水资源、土地利用、水资源管理和经济增长。进化经济模型对中亚经济的适应性：在技术创新中重新审视了进化经济选择的概念。运用演化理论对哈萨克斯坦等前苏联国家的非等价经济过程进行了识别。特别是，创业理论是从一般进化论的角度发展起来的。运用进化分析方法，对哈萨克斯坦的小企业进行了分析，提出了企业促进政策。较少

项目成果

Almaz Mustafin: "A Bottleneck Principle For Techno-Metabolic Chains."KIER Discussion Paper. No.504. 1-14 (1999)

Almaz Mustafin：“技术代谢链的瓶颈原理。”KIER 讨论论文。

Yoshiko Kawabata: "A Demineralization Mechanism for Lake Balkhash"International Jouranl of Salt Lake Research. 8. 99-112 (1999)

川端芳子：“巴尔喀什湖的脱矿机制”国际盐湖研究杂志。

塚谷 恒雄: "環境科学の基本" 化学同人, 141 (1997)

Tsuneo Tsukatani：“环境科学基础” Kagaku Doujin，141（1997）

Tsuneo Tsukatani: "Aral Sea and Socioeconomic Development" in “Central Eurasian Water Crisis,"edited by I.Kobori and M.Glanz, UNU Pub.53-74 (1998)

Tsuneo Tsukatani：《中欧亚水危机》中的“咸海与社会经济发展”，I.Kobori 和 M.Glanz 编辑，UNU Pub.53-74 (1998)

Masayoshi Yamamoto, et al.: "Pu isotopes and ィイD1137ィエD1Cs in the Surrounding Areas of the Former Soviet Union's Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site"Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. (in press).

Masayoshi Yamamoto 等人：“前苏联塞米巴拉金斯克核试验场周边地区的 Pu 同位素和 D1C”《放射分析与核化学杂志》（正在出版）。