The Ethnological Study of Modernization in the Central Andes : Formation of Peruvian National Culture and Andean Hearitage

在秘鲁，中央/地区和城市/乡村之间的社会文化活力的特点之一是，从前者到后者的“现代化”推进得非常快，同时作为后者对前者的影响的“现代化”也在各个方面推进。通过高原乡村社会和区域城市社会的不断互动，安第斯农民的价值取向和行为模式广泛渗透到秘鲁全国各地。因此，安第斯农民的民族文化是在“现代化”和“安第纳化”的相互影响和干扰中形成和改变的。在这一假设前提下，我们在秘鲁的三个地区进行了调查：南部高原(Cuzco)，中央高地(阿亚库乔)和北部海岸(特鲁希略和皮乌拉)：我们的研究项目如下：1)通过中小学教育对秘鲁国家历史的共同理解(收集和分析最近50年出版的关于秘鲁历史的学校教科书)2)北海岸地区城市的历史重建(殖民时期开始的特鲁希略城市的历史)3)地方出版物和情报在建立地区认同中的作用(收集和分析19世纪末以来阿亚库乔地区的地方期刊和书籍)。4)反现代的印加本土主义5)民间天主教(库斯科市一个地方邪教组织的历史；6)克丘亚语和西班牙语的互动过程(对阿亚库乔地区农村和城市社会所说西班牙语的分析)。

In Peru, one of the characteristics of socio-cultural dynamism between Central/Regional and Urban/Rural is that the "Modernization" from the former to the latter goes forward very rapidly and at the same time the "andeanization" as the influence from the latter to the former also goes forward in various aspects.In other words, through the constant interaction between highland rural society and regional urban society the andean peasants' value orientation and behavior pattern have infiltrated extensively throughout all peruvian country.Thus it's national culture has been made and changed through the mutual influence and interference of "modernization" and "andeanization."Based on this assumed premise we carried our investigation in three regions of Peru : southern highland (Cuzco), central highland (Ayacucho) and northern coast (Trujillo and Piura).Our research items are as follows :1) Common understanding of peruvian national history through the primary and secondary school education (collection and analysis of school textbooks on peruvian history published last 5 decades).2) Historical reconstruction of a regional city in north coast (history of Trujillo city at the beginning of colonial period).3) The role of local publications and intelectuals in the building of regional identity (collection and analysis of local journals and books in Ayacucho region from the end of 19th century).4) Inca-nativism as anti-modern (research on "mistic tour" popularized nowadays in Cuzco city).5) The folk catholicism (history of a local cult group el "Nico Compadrito" in Cuzco city ; socio-economic functions of the feast of Virgin Asunta celebrated by female marchants of Cuzco market ; the pilgrimage of the Virgin of La Puerta in northern coast).6) Interaction process of Quechua and Spanish (analysis of Spanish spoken in rural and urban societies of Ayacucho region).