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Improvement of plant propagation in tropical problem-soils

改善热带问题土壤中的植物繁殖

基本信息

批准号：
06045004
负责人：
USUI Kenji
金额：
$ 3.71万
依托单位：
University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Survey of weeds in the salinized areas in Northeast Thailand was conducted with cooperation of Kasesart University for the purpose of collecting the useful genetic resources to improve the vegetation in the problem soils of the tropical monsoon areas which have the dry and rainy seasons in a year. Salt-tolerant weeds were utilized to develop the propagatinal technique and to select the fortified plants in salt tolerance. Furthermore, the collected plants were studied for clarifying the mechanism of salt tolerance and salt damage biochemically and evaluating the effectiveness in greening the salt-affected soil.1.Survey of weeds tolerant to salinity : Weeds and soil characteristics of 17 areas of 7 provinces (Nakhonrachasima, Mahasarakam, Khon Kaen, Skonnakhon, Udonthani, Surin, and Srisaket) were surveyed. Totally, 33 families and 132 species were identified and 27 families and 79 species of them were remained alive at high salinity soils more than 2mS/cm in EC value.2.Selection of salt-tolerant plants : Some of the calli induced from vetivar Vetivara zizani coides Nash) plant showed high salt tolerance even under 1.5% salt concentration. They were regenerated successfully and tested in the salinity soil to conform the maintenance of salt tolerance.3.Mechanism of salt tolerance : Comparison between salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive biotypes of Imperata sylindrica and indica and japonica rice varieties, respectively, were conducted to clarify the biochemical mechanism by investigating the absorption and disrtibution of salt, compatible solutes, and scavenging system of activated oxygen.4.Adaptibility of salt-tolerant weeds to salinity soil : The collected weeds tolerant to salt stress were tested in the salt-affected field of Kasesart University and data are collecting to evaluate the effectiveness of herbaceous weeds in restoring vegetation and influence on the micro-envirnment including soil characteristics.

泰国东北部盐碱地的杂草调查是与Kasesart大学合作进行的，目的是收集有用的遗传资源，以改善热带季风区一年中干旱和雨季的问题土壤的植被。利用耐盐杂草开发繁殖技术，筛选耐盐强化植物。1.杂草耐盐性调查：调查了7个省(Nakhonrachasima、Mahasarakam、Khon Kaen、Skonnakhon、Udonthan、Surin和Srisaket)17个地区的杂草和土壤特性。共鉴定出33科132种，其中27科79种在EC值大于2ms/cm的高盐分土壤中存活。2.耐盐植物的筛选：香根草诱导的愈伤组织部分在1.5%的盐浓度下仍表现出较高的耐盐性。3.耐盐机理：通过比较耐盐生物型和耐盐水稻品种对盐的吸收和分配、亲和溶质和活性氧清除系统，阐明耐盐生物类型的生化机制。4.耐盐杂草对盐渍土壤的适应性：在喀萨特大学盐碱地对采集的耐盐杂草进行耐盐胁迫试验，以评价草本植物恢复植被的效果和对土壤微环境包括土壤特性的影响。