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Plants medicinally used by chimpnazees in the wild, and their biologically active constituents

野生黑猩猩的药用植物及其生物活性成分

基本信息

批准号：
06303012
负责人：
OHIGASHI Hajime
金额：
$ 8.38万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06303012/
关键词：
Chimpanzee Medicinal plants Antiparasitic activity Brine shrimp Superoxide Vernonia amygdalina Trema orientalis Vernoniol 抗寄生虫活性 Trema orientalis vernoniol Combretum molle vernania amygdalina アロマターゼトリプシン

项目摘要

Recently, physiological significance of the chimpanzee's non-nutritious plant diets has been inquired. Medicinal use by chimpanzees in now suggested in some of these plants. This study has been directed to select possible chimpanzee medicinal plants, and to search for their constituents of physiological and biological significance. Some of the social ecology of chimpanzee may, then, beanalyzed by the phytoichemicals concerned. Nishida has thus far selected 14 species of possible chimpanzee medicinal plants from the Mahale Mountain National Park, Tanzania. Several biological and physiological activities of these plants were tested. Antiparasitic acitivities were found in 8 species of plants including Erythrina abyssinica, Combretum molle, Trema orientalis and Aspilia mossambicensis, cyte toxicities were detected in 3 species (C.molle, Lannea schimperi and A.mossambicensis), enzyme inhibition activities against trypsin or aromatase were in 4 species. High occurrence of plants with antiparasitic acivity must be particularly emphasized. Interestingly, Thomadersia laurifolia, a possible medicinal plant used by gorilla in Congo, showed remarkable antischistosomal activity. These facts may further support our hypothesis of "Medicinal Plant-use by Primates in the Wild for Parasite Disease". From the biologically or physiologically active plants, 3 steroids were newly found in Vernonia amygdalina, and its antischistosomal activity was shown to be higher than those of the related glucosides. Cytotoxic flavonoid glycosides were isolated from L.schimperi. Insect antifeedants and antiinflammatory agents were also isolated, and their chemical structures are now being elucidated. Also chemical investigation of enzyme inhibitors was now in progress.

最近，人们对黑猩猩的非营养植物饮食的生理意义进行了调查。现在建议黑猩猩对其中一些植物进行药用。这项研究旨在选择可能的黑猩猩药用植物，并寻找其具有生理和生物学意义的成分。那么，黑猩猩的一些社会生态学可以通过相关的植物化学物质进行分析。西田迄今已从坦桑尼亚马哈勒山国家公园挑选了 14 种可能的黑猩猩药用植物。测试了这些植物的几种生物和生理活性。在刺桐、风车草、东方山毛榉、马桑比利亚等 8 种植物中发现了抗寄生虫活性，在 3 种植物（刺桐、风车草、莫桑比克草）中发现了细胞毒性，在 4 种植物中发现了对胰蛋白酶或芳香酶的酶抑制活性。必须特别强调具有抗寄生虫活性的植物的高出现率。有趣的是，Thomadersia laurifolia（刚果大猩猩可能使用的一种药用植物）表现出显着的抗血吸虫活性。这些事实可能进一步支持我们的假设“野生灵长类动物使用药用植物治疗寄生虫病”。在具有生物或生理活性的植物中，在斑鸠菊中新发现了3种类固醇，其抗血吸虫活性高于相关苷类。从 L.schimperi 中分离出细胞毒性类黄酮苷。昆虫拒食剂和抗炎剂也被分离出来，它们的化学结构现在正在被阐明。酶抑制剂的化学研究正在进行中。