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Ecochemical study on the medicinal plant use of primates in the wild

野生灵长类药用植物利用的生态化学研究

基本信息

批准号：
08306005
负责人：
OHIGASHI Hajime
金额：
$ 9.79万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08306005/
关键词：
Chimpanzee Medicinal plant Antiparasitic activity Physiologically functional food Vernonia amygdalina Trema orientalis Senna spectabilis Thomandersia laurifolia Aspilia Mossambicensis Senna Spectabilis Combretum molle

项目摘要

Physiological significance of the plants non-nutritiously ingested by primates in the wild has recently been inquired. Some of such plants were reported to be used as medicine. Chemical studies on the constituents occurring in such medicinal plants may lead us to find new bioactive natural products, and to understand more the feeding behavior of primates in the wild. This project has been directed to select possible medicinal plants used by primates in the wild, and to search for their constituents of biological and physiological significance. Socioecological analysis may be possible by such plant constituents.1.Nishida newly selected 3 species, Crotalaria sp., Ficus thonningii and Pseudospondias microcarpa, as possible medicinal plants of Mahale chimpanzee. He also collected the leaves of Aspilla mossambiscensis, which has been a chimpamzee's medicine by its physical effect. While, Ohigashi and Kawanaka found that the leaves contain potent antiparastitic constituents, suggesting that … More chemical approach to the chimpanzee's use of this plant is necessary.2.Chemical studies were carried out in 3 species of plants from Mahale, and 1 species from Ndoki in Congo. From Vernonia amygdalina, the most prominent medicinal plant used by Mahare chimpanzees, 3 new steroids named vernoniol E,G and H were isolated and chemically identified. Furthermore, non-glycoside forms of the steroids characteristically occurring in this plant (vernoniols) were confirmed to possess generally much higher antiparasitic activities than the corresponding glycosides (vernoniosides) (Ohigashi and Kawanaka). Then, it was hupothesized that the chimpanzee at Mahare uses V.amygdalina for parasite diseased. Hayashi found the occurrence of anti-feeding constituent of silkworm in Trema orientalis. He isolated an antiffedant, the chemical property of which was partly characterized. Hirota isolated and identified a new superoxide generation inhibitor from Senna spectabilis. Ohigashi found the occurrence of flavonoids in Thomendersia laurifolia, a possible medicinal plant used by Gorilla at Ndoki, suggesting the plant to be a physiologically functional food of gorilla.3.Further plants non-nutritiously ingested by primates in the wild were obtained from Indonesia, Guinea and Tanzania (Nishida, Koshimizu, Ohigashi), which are now being estimated their nutritinal values (Fushiki) and bioactivity-potentials (Koshimizu, Kawanaka and Ohigashi). Koshimizu has revealed that anti-tumor promoting activity was found in such non-nutrititive plants at a higher rate than in the plants randomly selected. Some of species in the plant families Moraceae and Combretacea are indicated to be promising for potent anti-tumor promoters. Several primate medicinal plants have hitherto been found in these 2 plant families. This finding along with the primate use of flavonoid rich plant species provides us a new idea of "functional food use of primates". Less

最近人们对野生灵长类动物非营养性摄取的植物的生理意义进行了探讨。据报道，其中一些植物可用作药物。对这些药用植物中的成分进行化学研究可能会引导我们发现新的生物活性天然产物，并更多地了解野生灵长类动物的摄食行为。该项目旨在选择野生灵长类动物可能使用的药用植物，并寻找其具有生物学和生理学意义的成分。这些植物成分或许可以进行社会生态学分析。 1.Nishida新选了3种植物，即Crotalaria sp.、Ficus thonningii和Pseudospondias microcarpa，作为马哈莱黑猩猩的可能药用植物。他还收集了莫桑比斯阿斯皮拉（Aspilla mossambiscensis）的叶子，这种叶子因其物理作用而成为黑猩猩的药物。同时，Ohigashi 和 Kawanaka 发现叶子含有有效的抗寄生虫成分，这表明黑猩猩使用这种植物的化学方法是必要的。2.对来自马哈勒的 3 种植物和来自刚果 Ndoki 的 1 种植物进行了化学研究。从马哈雷黑猩猩使用的最著名的药用植物斑鸠菊中，分离并化学鉴定了 3 种新类固醇，名为斑鸠菊醇 E、G 和 H。此外，该植物中特有的类固醇（斑鸠菊醇）的非糖苷形式被证实比相应的糖苷（斑鸠菊苷）（Ohigashi 和 Kawanaka）通常具有更高的抗寄生虫活性。然后，有人假设马哈雷的黑猩猩使用杏仁核弧菌来治疗患病的寄生虫。 Hayashi在侧山黄精中发现了蚕的拒食成分。他分离出了一种抗臭剂，其化学性质得到了部分表征。 Hirota 从番泻叶中分离并鉴定出一种新的超氧化物生成抑制剂。 Ohigashi 在 Thomendersia laurifolia 中发现了黄酮类化合物，Thomendersia laurifolia 是恩多基大猩猩使用的一种可能的药用植物，表明该植物是大猩猩的生理功能性食物。 3. 从印度尼西亚、几内亚和坦桑尼亚（西田、小清水、Ohigashi）获得了其他灵长类在野外非营养性摄入的植物，目前正在评估其营养价值（Fushiki）和生物活性潜力（Koshimizu、Kawanaka 和 Ohigashi）。小清水透露，在这种非营养性植物中发现的抗肿瘤促进活性比随机选择的植物更高。桑科和Combretacea植物科中的一些物种被表明有望成为有效的抗肿瘤促进剂。迄今为止，在这两个植物科中已发现了几种灵长类药用植物。这一发现以及灵长类动物对富含类黄酮的植物物种的利用为我们提供了“灵长类动物的功能性食品用途”的新想法。较少的