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Ecochemical study on the medicinal plant use of primates in the wild

野生灵长类药用植物利用的生态化学研究

基本信息

批准号：
08306005
负责人：
OHIGASHI Hajime
金额：
$ 9.79万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08306005/
关键词：
Chimpanzee Medicinal plant Antiparasitic activity Physiologically functional food Vernonia amygdalina Trema orientalis Senna spectabilis Thomandersia laurifolia Aspilia Mossambicensis Senna Spectabilis Combretum molle

项目摘要

Physiological significance of the plants non-nutritiously ingested by primates in the wild has recently been inquired. Some of such plants were reported to be used as medicine. Chemical studies on the constituents occurring in such medicinal plants may lead us to find new bioactive natural products, and to understand more the feeding behavior of primates in the wild. This project has been directed to select possible medicinal plants used by primates in the wild, and to search for their constituents of biological and physiological significance. Socioecological analysis may be possible by such plant constituents.1.Nishida newly selected 3 species, Crotalaria sp., Ficus thonningii and Pseudospondias microcarpa, as possible medicinal plants of Mahale chimpanzee. He also collected the leaves of Aspilla mossambiscensis, which has been a chimpamzee's medicine by its physical effect. While, Ohigashi and Kawanaka found that the leaves contain potent antiparastitic constituents, suggesting that … More chemical approach to the chimpanzee's use of this plant is necessary.2.Chemical studies were carried out in 3 species of plants from Mahale, and 1 species from Ndoki in Congo. From Vernonia amygdalina, the most prominent medicinal plant used by Mahare chimpanzees, 3 new steroids named vernoniol E,G and H were isolated and chemically identified. Furthermore, non-glycoside forms of the steroids characteristically occurring in this plant (vernoniols) were confirmed to possess generally much higher antiparasitic activities than the corresponding glycosides (vernoniosides) (Ohigashi and Kawanaka). Then, it was hupothesized that the chimpanzee at Mahare uses V.amygdalina for parasite diseased. Hayashi found the occurrence of anti-feeding constituent of silkworm in Trema orientalis. He isolated an antiffedant, the chemical property of which was partly characterized. Hirota isolated and identified a new superoxide generation inhibitor from Senna spectabilis. Ohigashi found the occurrence of flavonoids in Thomendersia laurifolia, a possible medicinal plant used by Gorilla at Ndoki, suggesting the plant to be a physiologically functional food of gorilla.3.Further plants non-nutritiously ingested by primates in the wild were obtained from Indonesia, Guinea and Tanzania (Nishida, Koshimizu, Ohigashi), which are now being estimated their nutritinal values (Fushiki) and bioactivity-potentials (Koshimizu, Kawanaka and Ohigashi). Koshimizu has revealed that anti-tumor promoting activity was found in such non-nutrititive plants at a higher rate than in the plants randomly selected. Some of species in the plant families Moraceae and Combretacea are indicated to be promising for potent anti-tumor promoters. Several primate medicinal plants have hitherto been found in these 2 plant families. This finding along with the primate use of flavonoid rich plant species provides us a new idea of "functional food use of primates". Less

灵长类动物在野外非营养性摄食植物的生理意义最近得到了探讨。据报道，其中一些植物可用作药物。对这类药用植物成分的化学研究可以帮助我们发现新的具有生物活性的天然产物，并进一步了解野生灵长类动物的摄食行为。本项目旨在选择野生灵长类动物可能使用的药用植物，并寻找其生物学和生理学意义的成分。社会生态学分析可以通过这些植物成分来实现。Nishida新选择了Crotalaria sp.， Ficus thonningii和Pseudospondias microcarpa 3种作为马哈尔黑猩猩可能的药用植物。他还收集了因其物理作用而成为黑猩猩药物的毛桑草（Aspilla mossambisensis）的叶子。然而，Ohigashi和Kawanaka发现这种植物的叶子含有有效的抗寄生虫成分，这表明有必要对黑猩猩使用这种植物进行更多的化学处理。对来自刚果马哈尔的3种植物和恩多基的1种植物进行了化学研究。从马哈雷黑猩猩最重要的药用植物苦杏仁糖中分离到3个新的甾体，分别命名为苦杏仁糖醇E、G和H。此外，这种植物中特有的非糖苷形式的类固醇（vernoniools）被证实具有比相应的糖苷（vernoniosides）更高的抗寄生活性（Ohigashi和Kawanaka）。然后，有人推测，在马哈雷的黑猩猩使用v.g - amygdalina寄生虫病。Hayashi发现在东方Trema orientalis中存在蚕的抗摄食成分。他分离出一种抗氧化剂，对其化学性质进行了部分表征。Hirota从Senna spectabilis中分离鉴定了一种新的超氧化物生成抑制剂。Ohigashi发现，在Ndoki大猩猩可能使用的药用植物Thomendersia laurifolia中存在黄酮类化合物，表明该植物可能是大猩猩的生理功能性食物。从印度尼西亚、几内亚和坦桑尼亚（Nishida, Koshimizu, Ohigashi）获得了灵长类动物在野外摄入的非营养性植物，目前正在评估它们的营养价值（Fushiki）和生物活性潜力（Koshimizu， Kawanaka和Ohigashi）。Koshimizu发现，在这些非营养性植物中发现的抗肿瘤促进活性高于随机选择的植物。桑科和菊科植物中的一些物种被认为是有前途的有效的抗肿瘤促进剂。在这两个植物科中已经发现了一些灵长类药用植物。这一发现与灵长类动物利用富含类黄酮的植物物种一起，为我们提供了“灵长类动物功能性食物利用”的新思路。少