Bioactive phytochemicals from African savanna woodland

来自非洲稀树草原林地的生物活性植物化学物质

• 批准号: 07041139
• 负责人: OHIGASHI Hajime
• 金额: $ 2.62万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07041139/
• 关键词: Chimpanzee; Medicinal plant; Vernonia amygdalina; Trema orientalis; Parasite; Malaria; Schistosomiasis; Biocide

Tropical African forest is the one of the most interesting spots in the world from the atandpoint of bioactive natural product research. It is rich in plant species which are adaptive in a coevolution with regard not only to climatic factors but also to complex biological interactions. For such adaptation, a chemical defense system may be one pssible strategy. Thus, we have surveyed useful plants of the savanna woodland of Tanzania, and chemically studied their bioactive constituents as well as the biological or physiological significance. The main survey was conducted on Oct.27th - Oct.22nd at the Mahale Moutains National Park located along Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania, where Dr.Nishida (Kyoto Univ.) and his colleagues have carried out the chimpanzee socioecological study for a long time. We had already listed up some plants of biological and physiological significance, on the basis of the results from the previous survey conducted here in 1991. Also we could well select chimpanzee med … More icinal plants in kind cooperation with Dr.Nishida. Furthermore, we tried to collect informations of tradirional plant-use from native people.We have collected a total of 19 plant species including 12 species of chimpanzee medicinal plant, 3 species of medicinal plant locally used. Among the plants collected, 16 species have thus far identified.Each extract has been tested for several biological activities, e.g.antiparasitic activities including antischistosomal, antimalarial, and antimoebic activities, several enzyme inhibition activities, cyte toxic activities, antibiotic activities against insects and microbials, and active oxygene generation inhibition or scavenging activities. Antiparasitic activities were found in 10 species of plant, and 9 out of these 10 were those collected as chimpanzee medicila plant. Thus, chimpanzee in the wild may often use some plants as antiparasitic medicine. In particular, strong antischistosomal activities were found in Erythrina abyssinica, Trema orientalis, Stephania abyssinica, Combretum molle and Vernonia amygdalina. In E.abyssinica and Aspilia mossambicensis, antimalarial activity was clearly detected, and antiamoebic activity was also in E.abyssinica. From V.amygdalina which we have hitherto extensively studied the antiparasitic agents, new steroids were isolated. The antiparasitic activities of these steroids are now in progress. E.abyssinica and Senna spectabilis showed inhibitory activity of aromatase, Senna spectabilis and S.abyssinica inhibited superoxide anion genaration, and T.orientalis showed insect antifeedant activity. Less

从生物活性天然产物研究的角度来看，非洲热带森林是世界上最有趣的景点之一。它富含植物物种，这些植物物种不仅能够适应气候因素，而且能够适应复杂的生物相互作用的共同进化。对于这种适应，化学防御系统可能是一种可能的策略。因此，我们调查了坦桑尼亚稀树草原的有用植物，并通过化学方法研究了它们的生物活性成分以及生物学或生理学意义。主要调查于10月27日至22日在坦桑尼亚坦噶尼喀湖沿岸的马哈勒山国家公园进行，西田博士（京都大学）和他的同事长期在那里进行黑猩猩社会生态学研究。根据1991年在这里进行的先前调查的结果，我们已经列出了一些具有生物学和生理意义的植物。此外，我们还可以与西田博士合作，选择黑猩猩药用植物。此外，我们还尝试向当地人收集传统植物用途的信息。我们总共收集了19种植物，其中黑猩猩药用植物12种，当地使用的药用植物3种。在收集的植物中，迄今已鉴定出16个物种。每种提取物都经过了多种生物活性测试，例如抗寄生虫活性，包括抗血吸虫、抗疟疾和抗阿米巴活性，多种酶抑制活性，细胞毒性活性，针对昆虫和微生物的抗生素活性，以及​​活性氧产生抑制或清除活性。在 10 种植物中发现了抗寄生虫活性，这 10 种植物中的 9 种是作为黑猩猩药用植物收集的。因此，野生黑猩猩可能经常使用一些植物作为抗寄生虫药物。特别是，在刺桐、东方山黄麻、千金藤、风车草和杏仁斑鸠菊中发现了强烈的抗血吸虫活性。在 E.abyssinica 和 Aspilia mossambicensis 中，清楚地检测到抗疟活性，并且在 E.abyssinica 中也具有抗阿米巴活性。我们迄今为止已广泛研究了抗寄生虫剂，从杏仁核中分离出新的类固醇。这些类固醇的抗寄生虫活性目前正在进行中。 E.abyssinica和Senna spectabilis表现出芳香酶的抑制活性，Senna spectabilis和S.abyssinica抑制超氧阴离子的产生，T.orientalis表现出昆虫拒食活性。较少的

项目成果

大東肇: "野生チンパンジーの薬草利用に関する化学生態学的アプローチ:Vernonia amygdalinaを例として" アフリカ研究. in press.

Hajime Daito：“在野生黑猩猩中使用药草的化学生态方法：以杏仁斑鸠菊为例”《非洲研究》正在出版。