Antiparasitic Agents from Wild Primate Medicinal Plants

最近报道了几种野生黑猩猩使用的药用植物。这些植物对黑猩猩最有可能的用途之一是控制与寄生虫有关的疾病。因此，这类植物很有希望成为抗寄生虫剂的来源。本研究的目的是研究黑猩猩药用植物的抗寄生虫潜能，并鉴定其化学活性成分。Nishida和Huffman基于对坦桑尼亚马哈尔山国家公园黑猩猩摄食行为的长期观察，新筛选出10种黑猩猩可能使用的药用植物。经多次抗寄生虫活性试验，Phillipson和Ohigashi测定了赤藓（Erythrina abyssinica）、Combretum molle和美洲Ximenia americana提取物的杀疟原虫活性。阿比西尼亚也表现出强大的杀阿米巴活性。Balansard和Kawanaka发现cmolle和mossambicensis有杀滴虫活性。抗血吸虫活性主要表现在川中所研究的adyssinica、C.molle、a.s mosambicensis、Lippia plicata的提取物中。因此，这表明大多数黑猩猩药用植物含有抗寄生虫成分。Ohigashi和Koshimizu进一步探索了扁桃的抗寄生成分，并化学鉴定了新的活性体。它们的抗寄生活性比先前分离的相关类固醇糖苷更强。在研究期间，Ohigashi拜访了伦敦大学的d.p lipson博士，检查了疟原虫和阿米巴虫的活性。河中博士与马赛大学的g . balansard博士一起测试了杀毛虫和杀利什曼原虫的活性。Kawanaka在土耳其Izumir举行的第八届国际寄生虫协会大会上介绍了他的研究。在大会上，他获得了新的抗寄生虫化验方法的宝贵信息。我们还邀请了Dr.R。在11月3日至12日期间，balansard博士的副教授Elias进行抗血吸虫活性的合作检测。少

Several medicinal plants used by chimpanzee in the wild have recently been reported. One of the most possible uses of these plants by chimpanzee is suggested to control parasite-related diseases. Hence, Such plants would be promising souces of antiparasitic agents. The aim of this study is to examine antiparasitic potentiality of the chimpanzee medicinal plants, and to identify chemically the active constituents.Based on the long-term observation of chimpanzees' feeding behavior at the Mahale Mountain National Park, Tanzania, Nishida and Huffman newly selected ten species of possible medicinal plants used by chimpanzee. After several antiparasitic activity tests, plasmodicidal activities tested by Phillipson and Ohigashi were found in the extracts of Erythrina abyssinica, Combretum molle and Ximenia americana..E.abyssinica also showed potent amoebicidal activity. Balansard and Kawanaka found trichomonocidal activity in C.molle and Aspilia mossambicensis. Antischistosomal activities wer … More e shown in the extracts of E.adyssinica, C.molle, A.mossambicensis, Lippia plicata by Kawanaka. It is, thus, suggested that the most chimpanzee medicinal plants contain antiparasitic constituents.Ohigashi and Koshimizu have been explored further antiparasitic constituents of Vernonia amygdalina, and chemically identified new active sterois. Their antiparasitic activities were more potent than the related steroid glucosides isolated previously.During the study term, Ohigashi visited Dr.D.Phillipson of the London Unoversity to examine plasmodicidal and amoebicidal activities. Dr.Kawanaka tested trichomonocidal and leishmanicidal activities with Dr.G.Balansard at the University of Marseille. Kawanaka presented his study at eht 8th International Congress of Parasite Association held at Izumir, Turkey. At the Cogress, he obtained valuable information on new antiparasitic assay methods. We also invited Dr.R.Elias, an Associate Professor under Dr.Balansard, during November 3rd-12th to carry out co-operative tests for antischistosomal activities. Less