Antiparasitic Agents from Wild Primate Medicinal Plants

最近有报道称，黑猩猩在野外使用了几种药用植物。黑猩猩最有可能利用这些植物之一来控制与寄生虫相关的疾病。因此，这些植物将是很有希望的抗寄生虫剂来源。本研究旨在通过对坦桑尼亚马哈勒山国家公园黑猩猩取食行为的长期观察，考察黑猩猩药用植物的抗寄生性，并对黑猩猩的活性成分进行化学鉴定。经过几次抗寄生虫活性试验，Phillipson和Ohigashi测定结果表明，刺桐、鸡冠花和美洲刺参的提取物具有较强的杀灭阿米巴活性。Balansard和Kawanaka在莫氏锥虫和阿斯匹勒中发现了杀滴虫活性。…具有抗血吸虫活性因此，大多数黑猩猩的药用植物都含有抗寄生虫成分。大桥和小水已进一步探索了杏花斑潜蝇的抗寄生虫活性成分，并从化学上鉴定了新的活性甾体。它们的抗寄生虫活性比以前分离的相关类固醇糖苷更强。在研究期间，大桥拜访了伦敦大学的D·菲利普森博士，检查了杀浆和杀灭阿米巴的活性。Kawanaka在土耳其Izumir举行的第八届国际寄生虫协会大会上展示了他的研究成果。在科瑞斯，他获得了有关新的抗寄生虫检测方法的宝贵信息。较少

Several medicinal plants used by chimpanzee in the wild have recently been reported. One of the most possible uses of these plants by chimpanzee is suggested to control parasite-related diseases. Hence, Such plants would be promising souces of antiparasitic agents. The aim of this study is to examine antiparasitic potentiality of the chimpanzee medicinal plants, and to identify chemically the active constituents.Based on the long-term observation of chimpanzees' feeding behavior at the Mahale Mountain National Park, Tanzania, Nishida and Huffman newly selected ten species of possible medicinal plants used by chimpanzee. After several antiparasitic activity tests, plasmodicidal activities tested by Phillipson and Ohigashi were found in the extracts of Erythrina abyssinica, Combretum molle and Ximenia americana..E.abyssinica also showed potent amoebicidal activity. Balansard and Kawanaka found trichomonocidal activity in C.molle and Aspilia mossambicensis. Antischistosomal activities wer … More e shown in the extracts of E.adyssinica, C.molle, A.mossambicensis, Lippia plicata by Kawanaka. It is, thus, suggested that the most chimpanzee medicinal plants contain antiparasitic constituents.Ohigashi and Koshimizu have been explored further antiparasitic constituents of Vernonia amygdalina, and chemically identified new active sterois. Their antiparasitic activities were more potent than the related steroid glucosides isolated previously.During the study term, Ohigashi visited Dr.D.Phillipson of the London Unoversity to examine plasmodicidal and amoebicidal activities. Dr.Kawanaka tested trichomonocidal and leishmanicidal activities with Dr.G.Balansard at the University of Marseille. Kawanaka presented his study at eht 8th International Congress of Parasite Association held at Izumir, Turkey. At the Cogress, he obtained valuable information on new antiparasitic assay methods. We also invited Dr.R.Elias, an Associate Professor under Dr.Balansard, during November 3rd-12th to carry out co-operative tests for antischistosomal activities. Less