A Historical Linguistic Study of the Hittie Verbal System

作为在不同时间阶段检查赫梯语动词的结果，得到了以下两个结论。当原安纳托利亚语^<**>'- en#在赫梯语中变成- an#时，^<**>- en#保持完整。这种声音变化提供了一个可靠的来源，它作为一个轨迹，从这个轨迹中可以归纳出1pl .preterite-wen和2pl . ten。为什么这种概括是有规律的，而在赫梯的历史时期-wani或tani都没有被完全推翻，这是由于三个pli - present-anzi和三个pli - preterite- er2的声乐压力。^<**>-ti和^<**>-di均在前希梯阶段发生同化；以zzz结尾的- izzi表示pre-Hittite ^<**>-ti，以z结尾的-i/ezi表示pre-Hittite ^<**>-di。少数古赫梯语动词，如asi-e-zi“does”KBoVI2I60保留了一个明显的古老特征，抵制用zz概括-Izzi。与^<**>t和^<**>d不同，原始印欧语的发音吸气^<**>dh从未在赫梯语中被吸收。因此，原始印欧语和赫梯语的^*d和^<**>dh在^<**>i之前显示出不同的结果。这将为“原始印欧语^<**>d”和“^<**>dh”在原始安纳托利亚语阶段没有合并”的观点提供证据。

As a result of examining Hittite Verbs at the different chronological stages the following two conclusions have been obtained.1.While Proto-Anatolian ^<**>'-eN# became-aN# in Hittite, ^<**>-eN# remained intact. This sound change provides a reliable source which acted as a locus from which the 1 pl.preterite-wen and 2 pl.-ten were generalized. Why this generalization was regular while neither-wani or-tani was completely ousted in the historical period of Hittite is due to the pressure of the vocalism of the 3 pl.present-anzi and 3 pl.preterite-er.2.Both^<**>-ti and ^<**>-di underwent assibilation at a pre-Hittie stage ; the ending-Izzi with zzreflects pre-Hittite ^<**>-ti and -i/ezi with z reflects pre-Hittite ^<**>-di. A small number of Old Hittite verbs such asi-e-zi "does" KBoVI2I60 preserve a notably archaic feature, resisting to generalization of -Izzi with zz. Unlike ^<**>t and ^<**>d, Proto-Indo-European voiced aspirate ^<**>dh never got assibilated in Hittite. Consequently, Proto-Indo-European and ^*d and ^<**>dh show different outcomes before ^<**>i in Hittite. This will be a piece of evidence for a view that Proto-Indo-European ^<**>d and ^<**>dh had not been merged at the stage of Proto-Anatolian.