A Historical Linguistic Study of the Hittie Verbal System

通过对赫梯语动词在不同年代阶段的考察，得出以下两个结论：1.原始安纳托利亚语的^<*>-eN#在赫梯语中变为-aN #，而^<**>-eN#保持完整。这种音变提供了一个可靠的来源，它充当了一个轨迹，从这个轨迹，1 pl.preterite-wen和2 pl. 10个被概括。在赫梯历史时期，-wani和-tani都没有被完全取代，但这种泛化却很有规律，这是由于3个音系present-anzi和3个音系preterite-er的声音压力。2.^<**>-ti和^<**>-di都在前赫梯时期经历了擦音化;结尾-Izzi和z反映了前赫梯语的^<**>-ti，结尾-i/ezi和z反映了前赫梯语的^<**>-di。少数古赫梯语动词如asi-e-zi“does”KBoVI 2 I60保留了一个明显的古老特征，抵制-Izzi与zz的泛化。与^<**>t和^<**>d不同，原始印欧语的浊送气语^<**>dh在赫梯语中从未被分化。因此，在赫梯语中，原始印欧语和^*d和^<**>dh在^<**>i之前表现出不同的结果。这将是一个证据，证明原始印欧语^<**>d和^<**>dh在原始安纳托利亚阶段没有合并。

As a result of examining Hittite Verbs at the different chronological stages the following two conclusions have been obtained.1.While Proto-Anatolian ^<**>'-eN# became-aN# in Hittite, ^<**>-eN# remained intact. This sound change provides a reliable source which acted as a locus from which the 1 pl.preterite-wen and 2 pl.-ten were generalized. Why this generalization was regular while neither-wani or-tani was completely ousted in the historical period of Hittite is due to the pressure of the vocalism of the 3 pl.present-anzi and 3 pl.preterite-er.2.Both^<**>-ti and ^<**>-di underwent assibilation at a pre-Hittie stage ; the ending-Izzi with zzreflects pre-Hittite ^<**>-ti and -i/ezi with z reflects pre-Hittite ^<**>-di. A small number of Old Hittite verbs such asi-e-zi "does" KBoVI2I60 preserve a notably archaic feature, resisting to generalization of -Izzi with zz. Unlike ^<**>t and ^<**>d, Proto-Indo-European voiced aspirate ^<**>dh never got assibilated in Hittite. Consequently, Proto-Indo-European and ^*d and ^<**>dh show different outcomes before ^<**>i in Hittite. This will be a piece of evidence for a view that Proto-Indo-European ^<**>d and ^<**>dh had not been merged at the stage of Proto-Anatolian.