A Historical Linguistic Study of the Hittie Verbal System

通过对不同年代阶段的赫梯动词的考察，得出了以下两个结论：1.在赫梯语中，原始安纳托利亚的#-en#成为-an#，而^&lt；**&gt；-en#保持不变。这种声音变化提供了一个可靠的声源，它作为一个轨迹，从这个轨迹概括了1pl.preterite-wen和2pl-ten。在赫梯历史时期，这种概括是有规律的，而既不是瓦尼也不是塔尼在赫梯历史时期是完全被驱逐的，这是由于现在的三个字-安子和三个字的发声的压力。2.^&lt；**&gt；-ti和^&lt；**&gt；-di都在前赫梯语阶段经历了同化；带有zzz的结尾-Izzi反映了前赫梯语的^&lt；**&gt；-ti和-i/ezi与z，反映了前赫梯语。少数古代赫梯语动词，如asi-e-zi，KBoVI2I60保留了一个明显的古老特征，拒绝将-Izzi概括为ZZ。与^&lt；**&gt；t和^&lt；**&gt；d不同，原始印欧音送气发音^&lt；**&gt；dh从未在赫梯语中得到同化。因此，原始印欧语和^*d和^&lt；**&gt；dh在赫梯语的^&lt；**&gt；i之前表现出不同的结果。这将是原始印度-欧洲^**&gt；d和^&lt；**&gt；dh在原始安纳托利亚阶段没有合并的一项证据。

As a result of examining Hittite Verbs at the different chronological stages the following two conclusions have been obtained.1.While Proto-Anatolian ^<**>'-eN# became-aN# in Hittite, ^<**>-eN# remained intact. This sound change provides a reliable source which acted as a locus from which the 1 pl.preterite-wen and 2 pl.-ten were generalized. Why this generalization was regular while neither-wani or-tani was completely ousted in the historical period of Hittite is due to the pressure of the vocalism of the 3 pl.present-anzi and 3 pl.preterite-er.2.Both^<**>-ti and ^<**>-di underwent assibilation at a pre-Hittie stage ; the ending-Izzi with zzreflects pre-Hittite ^<**>-ti and -i/ezi with z reflects pre-Hittite ^<**>-di. A small number of Old Hittite verbs such asi-e-zi "does" KBoVI2I60 preserve a notably archaic feature, resisting to generalization of -Izzi with zz. Unlike ^<**>t and ^<**>d, Proto-Indo-European voiced aspirate ^<**>dh never got assibilated in Hittite. Consequently, Proto-Indo-European and ^*d and ^<**>dh show different outcomes before ^<**>i in Hittite. This will be a piece of evidence for a view that Proto-Indo-European ^<**>d and ^<**>dh had not been merged at the stage of Proto-Anatolian.