A MICRO-MACRO STUSY OF TRUST
信任的微观与宏观研究
基本信息
- 批准号:07044021
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 4.86万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:日本
- 项目类别:Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
- 财政年份:1995
- 资助国家:日本
- 起止时间:1995 至 1997
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
The most important achievement of this research project is the formulation of a theoretical framework for analyzing both trust-related behavior and judgments at the individual-micro level and the roles trust plays at a more macro, societal level in a integrated manner. More specifically, first of all, a series of experiments we conducted revealed a counter-intuitive relationship between generalized interpersonal trust and sensitivity to information potentially revealing lack of trustworthiness in others. That is, in this series of experiments, high trusters (those who have a high level of "default" expectations for trustworthiness of others in general) as measured through a general trust scale were shown to be more sensitive to information suggesting lack of trustworthiness of other people and, furthermore, more accurate in predicting other people's behavior in a prisoner's dilemma game (playd between anonymous playrs) than low trusters. Another series of experiments, including US-Japa … More n, cross-societal experiments, revealed the tendency that people form stable commitment relations with a particular set of partners in social environments that impose a low level of opportunity costs for maintaining such commitment relations, implying the enhanced needs for detecting the nature of social relationships and depressed needs for detecting character traits of others in such social environments compared to the environments that impose a higher level of opportunity costs for maintaining commitment relations. Those and other findings of experiments we conducted all point to the possibility of two, mutually indepent forms of social intelligence-one for detecting the nature of interpersonal relations and the other for detecting character traits of other individuals that govern their behavior independent of social environment. Furthermore, these two forms of social intelligence are theorized to have differential levels of importance according to the nature of social environments, especially the general level of opportunity costs, Under social environments n which the general level of opportunity costs is high, people would naturally invest cognitive resources in the development of the second type of social intelligence, become able to detect lack of trustworthiness in others, and thus become able to afford to have a high level of "default" expectations for other people's trustworthiness. Currently, replications of the experiments we conducted are being executed or planned in other countries, both East and West. Results from those replication experiments by researchers in other countries will advance our understanding of the socially embedded nature of trust. Less
这一研究项目最重要的成果是形成了一个理论框架,可以在个人-微观层面上分析信任相关的行为和判断,以及在更宏观的社会层面上以综合的方式分析信任所起的作用。更具体地说,首先,我们进行的一系列实验揭示了普遍的人际信任与对可能揭示他人缺乏可信度的信息的敏感性之间的反直觉关系。也就是说,在这一系列的实验中,通过一般信任量表测量的高信任者(那些对他人的可信度有很高水平的“默认”期望的人)被证明对表明他人缺乏可信度的信息更敏感,而且在预测囚犯困境游戏(匿名玩家之间的游戏)中其他人的行为时比低信任者更准确。另一系列实验,包括美日…更多的跨社会实验表明,与为维持承诺关系而施加较高机会成本的社会环境相比,人们在这种社会环境中与一组特定的伴侣形成稳定的承诺关系的趋势,意味着在这种社会环境中,人们更需要检测社会关系的性质,而对检测他人性格特征的需求更低。我们进行的这些和其他实验结果都表明,存在两种相互独立的社交智力形式的可能性--一种用于检测人际关系的性质,另一种用于检测其他个人的性格特征,这些性格特征独立于社会环境而支配他们的行为。此外,根据社会环境的性质,特别是机会成本的一般水平,这两种形式的社会智力被认为具有不同的重要性水平。在机会成本的一般水平较高的社会环境中,人们自然会投入认知资源来开发第二种类型的社会智力,能够发现他人的信任缺失,从而能够对他人的信任有较高的“默认”期望。目前,我们进行的实验正在其他国家进行或计划复制,无论是东方还是西方。来自其他国家研究人员的重复实验结果将促进我们对信任的社会根深蒂固本质的理解。较少
项目成果
期刊论文数量(63)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Toshio Yamagishi: "Selective play:Social embeddedness of Social dilemmas.Pp.363-384 in W.B.G.Liebrand & D.M.Messick(Eds.),Frontiers in social Dilemma Research." Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 22 (1996)
山岸敏夫:“选择性游戏:社会困境的社会嵌入。W.B.G.Liebrand 中的第 363-384 页
- DOI:
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- 影响因子:0
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Tohko Kiyonari and Toshio Yamagishi: "Distrusting outsiders as a consequence of commitment formation" Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 36. 56-67 (1996)
Tohko Kiyonari 和 Toshio Yamagishi:“由于承诺形成而不信任外人”《日本实验社会心理学杂志》。
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- 影响因子:0
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Motoki Watabe, Shigeru Terai, Nahoko Hayashi, and Toshio Yamagishi: "Cooperation in the one-shot prisoner's dilemma based on expectations of reciprocity" Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 36. 183-196 (1996)
Motoki Watabe、Shigeru Terai、Nahoko Hayashi 和 Toshio Yamagishi:“基于互惠预期的一次性囚徒困境中的合作”《日本实验社会心理学杂志》。
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
- 通讯作者:
Toshio Yamagishi and Nahoko Hayashi: in W.B.G.Liebrand & D.M.Messick (Eds.) , Frontiers in Social Dilemma Research.Berlin : Springer-Verlag. Selective play : Social embeddedness of social dilemmas, 363-384 (1996)
山岸敏夫和林菜穗子:《W.B.G.Liebrand》
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- 影响因子:0
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共著:林直保子、山岸俊男: "「"非合理的"協力行動の社会関係的基盤-選択的プレイパラダイムのもとでの実験研究-」" 心理学研究. (印刷中).
合著者:Naoyasu Hayashi、Toshio Yamagishi:“非理性合作行为的社会关系基础——选择性游戏范式下的实验研究”心理学研究(出版中)。
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YAMAGISHI Toshio其他文献
YAMAGISHI Toshio的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('YAMAGISHI Toshio', 18)}}的其他基金
Neuro-psychological and institutional foundations of prosocial behavior
亲社会行为的神经心理学和制度基础
- 批准号:
23223003 - 财政年份:2011
- 资助金额:
$ 4.86万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S)
Adaptive foundations of group-bounded behavior
群体行为的适应性基础
- 批准号:
19330139 - 财政年份:2007
- 资助金额:
$ 4.86万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
Psycho-social Foundations for Building Trust Societies
建立信任社会的心理社会基础
- 批准号:
14201014 - 财政年份:2002
- 资助金额:
$ 4.86万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
CONSTRUCTION OF A MICRO-MACRO THEORY OF TRUST
微观-宏观信任理论的构建
- 批准号:
07451026 - 财政年份:1995
- 资助金额:
$ 4.86万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
A theory of insititutional cooperation : Experimental and simulation study of mutual-sancitoning voluntarily provided through subjective and objective transformation of the incentive structure
制度合作理论:通过激励结构的主客观转变自愿提供相互认可的实验与模拟研究
- 批准号:
05610083 - 财政年份:1993
- 资助金额:
$ 4.86万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
From the Structural Goal/Expectation Theory to the Theory of Instrumental Cooperation
从结构性目标/期望理论到工具性合作理论
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03610030 - 财政年份:1991
- 资助金额:
$ 4.86万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
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