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CONSTRUCTION OF A MICRO-MACRO THEORY OF TRUST

微观-宏观信任理论的构建

基本信息

批准号：
07451026
负责人：
YAMAGISHI Toshio
金额：
$ 4.03万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Several series of experiments and computer simulations were conduted as a means to provide empirical foundations for the micro-macro theory of trust. First, a series of experiments we conducted revealed a counter-intuitive relationship between generalized interpersonal trust and sensitivity to signals potentially revealing lack of trustworthiness in others. That is, high trusters as measured through a general trust scale were shown to be more sensitive than low trusters to information suggesting lack of trustworthiness of other people and, furthermore, were more accurate in predicting other people's behavior in a prisoner's dilemma game. Another series of experiments, including US-Japan, cross-societal experiments, revealed a tendency that people form stable commitment relations with a particular set of partners in social environments that impose a low level of opportunity costs for maintaining such commitment relations, implying the enhanced needs for detecting the nature of social re … More lationships and depressed needs for detecting character traits of others in such social environments compared to the environments that impose a higher level of opportunity costs for maintaining commitment relations. Those and other findings of experiments we conducted all point to the existence of two, mutually independent forms of social intelligence-one for detecting the nature of interpersonal relations and the other for detecting character traits of other individuals that govern their behavior independent of social environment. Furthermore, these two forms of social intelligence are theorized to have differential levels of importance according to nature of social environments, especially the general level of opportunity costs. Under social environments n which the general level of opportunity costs is high, people would naturally invest cognitive resources in the development of the second type of social intelligence, become able to detect lack of trustworthiness in others, and thus come to afford to have a high level of "default" expectations for other people's trustworthiness. Less

进行了一系列实验和计算机模拟，为信任的微观宏观理论提供实证基础。首先，我们进行的一系列实验揭示了广义人际信任与对可能揭示他人缺乏可信度的信号敏感度之间的反直觉关系。也就是说，通过一般信任量表衡量的高信任者比低信任者对表明其他人缺乏可信度的信息更加敏感，而且在囚徒困境游戏中预测其他人的行为也更准确。包括美日跨社会实验在内的另一系列实验揭示了一种趋势，即人们在社会环境中与一组特定的伙伴形成稳定的承诺关系，维持这种承诺关系的机会成本较低，这意味着与机会成本较高的环境相比，在这种社会环境中，人们对检测社会关系本质的需求增强，而对检测他人性格特征的需求下降。以维持承诺关系。我们进行的这些实验和其他实验结果都表明存在两种相互独立的社会智能形式：一种用于检测人际关系的本质，另一种用于检测其他个体的性格特征，这些特征独立于社会环境来控制其行为。此外，理论上，这两种形式的社交智力根据社会环境的性质，特别是机会成本的总体水平，具有不同的重要性水平。在机会成本总体较高的社会环境下，人们自然会投入认知资源来发展第二类社会智能，能够发现他人的不可信度，从而对他人的可信度抱有较高的“默认”期望。较少的