Maritime Continent Thunderstorm Experiment (MCTEX)

众所周知，在澳大利亚季风来临之前，在梅尔维尔岛上空可以看到高达17公里的巨大云层，这些云层会发展成大雨和雷声。海洋-大陆实验（MCTEX）于1995年12月和12月进行，主要研究云组织的机制。本小组与澳洲气象局紧密合作，利用他们操作的多普勒雷达，发射了14个新开发的视频探空仪。当赫克托云发展时，非常强烈的降雨和阵风袭击了该站半小时，随后下了两小时的中雨。观察到赫克托云前方的强烈回声、云下层直径达9毫米的大雨滴以及冰点附近的许多冰冻水滴（冰雹）。在厚层状云中，电视探空仪探测到大量冰的图像，地面电场呈修正波型，在-10 ℃ ~-30 ℃的层中发现高带电现象，认为在云中，雨滴再循环是大雨滴和冻结雨滴生长的必要条件，在雹粒子碰撞过程中，必然有新的冰粒喷出。

It is well known that huge clouds as high as 17 km seen over the Island of Melville before the Australian Monsoon develop into intense rain and thunder. The Maritime-Continent Experiment (MCTEX) was conducted in the months of Movember and December 1995 to study mainly the mechanism of cloud organization. Our group participated in the project launched 14 newly developed videosondes in close collaboration with the Bureau of Meteorology of Australia in using the doppler radar operated by them.When Hector cloud developed, very strong rainfall with gusty wind hit the station for half an hour, followed by moderate rain for 2 hours. The intense echo in front of the Hector cloud, large raindrops as large as 9 mm in diameter at the lower level of the cloud, and many frozen drops (hail) around freezing level were observed. The videosondes ascent into the thick layred cloud sent images of enormous number of ice.The surface electric field shows modified wave pattern, and the high electrification is found in the layr between -10ﾟC and -30ﾟC.It is supposed that drop recirculation in front of the cloud is necessary to grow large raindrops and frozen drops and that new ice particles must be ejected in the process of collision between graupel.