Trade-offs among traits related with stress tolerance and the morphological and physiological basis for optimum regulation of them for improved crop yield

与胁迫耐受性相关的性状之间的权衡以及对其进行最佳调节以提高作物产量的形态和生理基础

• 批准号: 07306001
• 负责人: AKITA Shigemi
• 金额: $ 16.26万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07306001/
• 关键词: amylase; abiotic stress; drought; chill injury; nutrients; acid soil; 酸性土壌耐性; 環境ストレス; 生態学; 生理学; 水分; トレードオフ

In rice study group, eco-physiological basis for the possible abiotic stresses was studied and the followings were the major outputs : (1) seedling emergence in low and submerged condition was closely associated with the expression of beta-amylase in aleuron layr, which is regulated in the transcription process of m-RNA (Akita) ; (2) remarkable increase of growth of Cyperus was observed when it was grown in the lake water in which nutrient content is low in comparison with the limited increase of growth in rice (Kubota) ; (3) physiological background for the tolerance to low temperature was elucidated (Terashima) ; (4) tolerance mechanism of upland rice to drought was clarified (Kobata) ; (5) mechanism of tolerance to salt stress was clarified (Tsuchiya and Hirai) ; and sldo (6) mechanism of tolerance to acid soil was elucidated (Yamagishi).In upland crops group, the mechanism of the drought stress tolerance was studied and the following results were obtained : (1) the differential dry matter partitioning to underground and aerial parts affects the tolerance to drought and the regulation of this partitioning ratio resulted in the increased growth under water stress condition (Iwama) ; (2) the relationship between root growth pattern and the tolerance were clarified (Yamauchi) ; (3) the physiological mechanism of differential growth of soybean to stress condition in late growth stage was clarified (Ishihara). Through these experiments, the trade-offs between stress tolerance and crop yield were also elucidated as well as the eco-physiological basis for stress tolerance.

在水稻研究组中，研究了水稻在低温和淹水条件下的出苗与糊粉层β-淀粉酶的表达密切相关，而β-淀粉酶的表达受秋田水稻mRNA转录过程的调控;（2）莎草生长在低营养含量的湖水中，生长量显著高于水稻（久保田）;（3）阐明了耐低温的生理基础。（4）阐明了高地的耐旱机理（Kobata）;（5）阐明了旱稻的耐盐机理（Tsuchiya和Hirai）;（6）阐明了耐酸性土壤的机理（Yamagishi）.在高地作物组中，研究了干旱胁迫耐受性的机制，并获得了以下结果：（1）干旱胁迫下，干物质分配比例的差异影响了水稻的耐旱性，调节这种分配比例可以促进水稻的生长（岩间）;（2）阐明了大豆根系生长方式与其耐性的关系（Yamauchi）：（3）阐明了大豆生长后期对逆境条件的差异生长的生理机制（Ishihara）。通过这些试验，阐明了作物抗逆性与产量之间的平衡关系以及抗逆性的生理生态基础。

项目成果

折谷隆志・下山有紀子: "水温並びに窒素ストレス下における長・短稈品種の生育と収量構成 要素の変化" 日作紀. 66・別号1. 266-267 (1996)

Takashi Oriya 和 Yukiko Shimoyama：“水温和氮胁迫下长秆和短秆品种的生长和产量组成的变化”Nissakuki，特刊 1. 266-267 (1996)。

Izumi, Y., Kono, Y., Yamauchi, A.and Iijima, M.: "Genotypic variation in the development of seminal root system of rice under different culture condition in vitro." Japanese Journal of Crop Science. 66. 427-435 (1997)

Izumi, Y.、Kono, Y.、Yamauchi, A. 和 Iijima, M.：“不同体外培养条件下水稻种子根系统发育的基因型变异”。

Ichiro Terashima: "Is photosynthesis suppressed at higher elevations due to low CO_2 pressure?" Ecology. 76. 2663-2668 (1995)

Ichiro Terashima：“高海拔地区的光合作用是否会因 CO_2 压力较低而受到抑制？”

Iwama,K.et al.: "Effect of drought on the growth of two potato varieties with different root mass" Books of Abstracts 4th ESA-congress,7-11 July 1996,Wageningen,The Netherlands. 1. 94-95 (1996)

Iwama,K.等人：“干旱对两种具有不同根质量的马铃薯品种生长的影响”摘要书第 4 届 ESA 大会，1996 年 7 月 7-11 日，荷兰瓦赫宁根。

飛田有支・平沢正・石原邦: "低土壌水分条件におけるダイズの乾物生産と根系発達の品種間の相違" 日本作物学会紀事. 64. 573-580 (1995)

Yushi Tobita、Tadashi Hirasawa 和 Kuni Ishihara：“低土壤湿度条件下大豆干物质生产和根系发育的差异”，日本作物科学学会杂志 64. 573-580 (1995)。