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Morphological Diversity in Cereal Plants as Adaptive Strategy, Its ecological Significance and Genetlc Control

谷类植物形态多样性的适应性策略、生态意义及遗传控制

基本信息

批准号：
05454045
负责人：
AKITA Shigemi
金额：
$ 3.39万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05454045/
关键词：
Rice Maize Wheat Root system Stem Growth Lateral Root Vanetal Differences Microtubule

项目摘要

1.Root system morphology was examined in rice cultivars which are different from one another in ecological and genetic background. Diversity in root system morphoogy was caused by the combination of total root length and its distribution pattern which were determined by number and average length of nodal roots as well as average growth direction and average length of nodal roots, respectively. Development of diversity in root system morphology can be understood based on increase of number and size of successive phytomers. Position and number of nodal root primordia in phytomer were examined genetically, because they may cause the variations of root system morphology. Root system components of upland and lowland rice cutivars respond to soil water stress in different manners.2.Dinamics of microtubules shows rib meristem differentiated first will change into intercalary meristem in elongating stem part of maize whereas rib meristem is not differentiated in non-elongating part. Elongating pattern and final shape of stem are influenced by differentiation of rib meristem as well as its active duration. Mutant in stem growth was genetically analized in addition.3.Shwallow roots of wheat mainly consit of seminal roots with well-developed lateral root in the early growth stages. However, it is composed of nodal roots in the later growth stages. Root system with different morphology from experiences of different soil water stresses showed full recovery of water uptake after rehydration coresponding to total root length per total leaf area excluding after very severe stress.

1.对不同生态和遗传背景的水稻品种根系形态进行了研究。根系形态的多样性是由根系总长度及其分布格局的综合作用引起的，而根系总长度及其分布格局的综合作用又分别由节根的数量和平均长度以及节根的平均生长方向和平均长度决定。根系形态多样性的发展可以根据连续植物体的数量和大小的增加来理解。植物体中节根原基的位置和数量可能引起根系形态的变异，因此对其进行了遗传学研究。高地和低地稻根系组分对土壤水分胁迫的响应不同。2.微管的变化表明，玉米伸长茎段先分化的肋分生组织转变为居间分生组织，而非伸长茎段肋分生组织不分化。茎的伸长方式和最终形态受肋分生组织的分化及其活动时间的影响。3.小麦短根主要由种子根组成，生长初期侧根发达。然而，在生长后期，它是由节根组成的。不同土壤水分胁迫条件下根系形态的变化表明，除严重胁迫后外，复水后根系吸水量与根长/叶面积比值基本恢复。