Morphological Diversity in Cereal Plants as Adaptive Strategy, Its ecological Significance and Genetlc Control

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1.Root system morphology was examined in rice cultivars which are different from one another in ecological and genetic background. Diversity in root system morphoogy was caused by the combination of total root length and its distribution pattern which were determined by number and average length of nodal roots as well as average growth direction and average length of nodal roots, respectively. Development of diversity in root system morphology can be understood based on increase of number and size of successive phytomers. Position and number of nodal root primordia in phytomer were examined genetically, because they may cause the variations of root system morphology. Root system components of upland and lowland rice cutivars respond to soil water stress in different manners.2.Dinamics of microtubules shows rib meristem differentiated first will change into intercalary meristem in elongating stem part of maize whereas rib meristem is not differentiated in non-elongating part. Elongating pattern and final shape of stem are influenced by differentiation of rib meristem as well as its active duration. Mutant in stem growth was genetically analized in addition.3.Shwallow roots of wheat mainly consit of seminal roots with well-developed lateral root in the early growth stages. However, it is composed of nodal roots in the later growth stages. Root system with different morphology from experiences of different soil water stresses showed full recovery of water uptake after rehydration coresponding to total root length per total leaf area excluding after very severe stress.